Answer: Discoid meniscus is a rare condition that affects the lateral meniscus present in the knee. In some cases the entire meniscus needs to be excised due to UN repairable damage to the meniscus. The precise aetiology of a discoid meniscus is unknown, although some authors suggested that it is congenital, with a genetic or familiar . Discoid meniscus (DM) is a broad term used to describe a spectrum of disorders of meniscal shape and stability that can affect both men and women. discoid meniscus is a structural aberration of development, a genetic abnormality could possibly be at fault. A specific cause for developing a discoid meniscus is . BMJ Case Rep 2013; DOI 10.1136/bcr-2013-202217. A magnetic resonance imaging test may be prescribed to diagnose if a meniscus tear is present. current literature supports a congenital theory because of evidence of embryological development and hereditary transmission. They are incidentally found in 3-5% of knee MRI examinations. Several theories have been proposed regarding the possible cause of DM. 1993:591-595, Figure 3. Detailed history and physical examination combined with an MRI of the knee predictably diagnose a discoid meniscus. discoid meniscus, several additional radiographic abnormali-ties may also detected: meniscal cyst formation, anomalous In this video, I discuss their significance and how likely they are to be bilateral. It has been suggested that discoid meniscus is a congenital disease, and genetic or familial factors may account for some of the causes [3-5]. Specifically, this syndrome affects the first branchial (or pharyngeal) arch, which is the precursor of the maxilla and mandible.Since the branchial arches are important developmental features in a growing embryo, disturbances in their development create lasting and widespread effects. Although the incidence for a discoid meniscus is between 3% and 5% for the general population, it is unknown with achondroplasia. Discoid meniscus is an abnormal meniscus that is thicker than normal and has a different shape and texture that usually affects the lateral meniscus of the knee 1) . A discoid meniscus causes pain, stiffness, and swelling of the knee. embryological development and hereditary transmission.4 Symptomatic discoid menisci can occur equally in children, adolescents, and young adults, and trauma has been listed . In the discoid meniscus, both the shape and the collagen are abnormal. The cartilage absorbs the stress on the knee and acts as a cushion between the three bones that meet at the knee the femur (thigh bone . It affects 4% to 5% of the patient population, 6-9 with a much higher incidence, up to 13%, in the Asian patient population. Our Meniscus Transplant Center is dedicated to replacing the meniscus and has been successful at getting athletes back to high levels of activity, even if they had developed arthritis. The History and Physical Exam for Discoid Meniscus: Differential Dia Feat. Yashoda hospital is the best hospital for Discoid Meniscus treatment in Hyderabad. Watanabe classified the discoid . The discoid lateral meniscus is more common in females. 10 It is the most common meniscal variant in children. 1-5 A discoid meniscus represents a meniscus with an atypical saucer-like shape that is thicker, covering a larger surface area of the tibial plateau compared with an anatomically normal crescent-shaped meniscus. It sometimes may present itself in the form of swelling, pain and cracking sound of the affected knee. ? This results in a thickened meniscus that covers more of the lateral tibia (shin bone) than a normal meniscus. It has been suggested that discoid meniscus is a congenital disease, and genetic or familial factors may account for some of the . Discoid meniscus . Discoid meniscus lacks C-shaped configuration. Finally, juvenile OCD has a better prognosis due to an open and active . 4 symptomatic discoid menisci can occur equally in children, adolescents, and young adults, and trauma has been listed as the inciting cause of symptoms in 38 to 66% of patients. Bilateral discoid medial menisci (BDMM) represent an exceptionally rare congenital pathology of the knee joint that has low reported incidence. Clinical presentation More variants of the lateral than the medial meniscus have been reported. Unfortunately a discoid meniscus does not work as well as a shock absorber and is more likely to tear . It typically affects the lateral meniscus and may be found bilaterally (20%). Crouzon syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder known as a branchial arch syndrome. However, in some instances, it may hinder the patient's day to day life and needs immediate treatment. What are the odds that my right knee menisci are also discoid? The meniscus has a shocking absorbing function and it also contributes to the stability of the knee (secondary stabiliser, where the ligaments are the primary stabilizer). Discoid Meniscus is a rare orthopedic condition that occurs when the meniscus attains a half-moon or oval shape and thickens up. Once a discoid meniscus is torn, it usually does not heal because the meniscus lacks a strong blood supply. anomalous discoid meniscus and preservation of stable peripheral rim, is the preferred treatment. Discoid lateral meniscus is an intra-articular knee disorder that typically presents in children and adolescents. M. Halstead 09:56. Patella Dislocation and Discoid Meniscus: Actual Study Start Date : March 21, 2019: Estimated Primary Completion Date : December 31, 2022: A deficiency in the resorption of the centre of the cartilage plate during foetal development and a genetic trait have been proposed as mechanisms responsible for . . Healthy menisci are shaped like c-shaped moons This retrospective study was aimed to investigate the epidemiologic, clinical and arthroscopic features of discoid meniscus variant in Greek population. The histology and ultrastructure of discoid . There is also a genetic or familial factor that is believed to play a role in the development of discoid menisci. Some discoid menisci have abnormal peripheral attachments and are unstable. . A discoid meniscus has abnormal morphology. A discoid meniscus is a congenital anomaly of the knee found in 3% of the population (up to 15% in Asia). The management of a meniscal cyst consists of diagnostic arthroscopy to determine the presence of a meniscal tear. My meniscus was apparently "discoid" instead of C-shaped. Discoid meniscus tears o en present in adolescents. It may be present in just the one knee or both knees, and it is generally understood that the condition is genetic Symptoms related to a discoid meniscus This condition is caused by a defect that causes the meniscus to be shaped like an oval instead of a c-shape. For some patients, arthroscopy is the means to diagnose and treat a torn meniscus. The discoid meniscus may indeed be a congenital anomaly 9, 17), and genetic or familial factors may play a role in the development of discoid menisci 8, 19). In some cases the entire meniscus needs to be excised due to un-repairable damage to the meniscus. It may be present in just the one knee or both knees, and it is generally understood that the condition is genetic Sometimes repairs (suturing/stitching) of meniscus is necessary to correct the meniscus, and this can only be assessed during surgery. There are three different kinds of discoid meniscus susceptible to tearing. 24/7 Appointment Helpline +91 40 4567 4567 International +91 40 6600 0066 Home About Us Leadership Team Awards & Recognition Achievements Gallery News The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate evidences of DM . Each knee has two menisci. The discoid meniscus is a thickened, disc-like meniscus and is referred as a normal anatomical variant in 3% of general population mostly seen on the lateral side [1]. The prevalence of discoid meniscus in our study is similar to the literature. The Ohio State University - Wexner Medical Center. Healthy meniscus is shaped like crescent moons (in fact, "meniscus" comes from the Greek word for crescent). Epidemiology Discoid menisci are congenital, frequently bilateral (up to 50%) and have been reported in twins, although no genetic locus has been identified 2. They are incidentally found in 3-5% of knee MRI examinations. A discoid meniscus is a dysmorphic meniscus found to be thicker, abnormal in shape, less stable and with decreased and disorganized collagen fibers compared to an anatomically normal meniscus. Atik et al Discoid meniscus genetic etiology 648 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Volume 24 Issue 5 May 2021 in conditions leading to cellular stress, such as lack of nutrients and growth factors, to remove damaged organelles, long-lived proteins, and protein aggregates. PRiSM. Discoid meniscus (DM) is a rare variant of regular knee anatomy. Meniscus tears usually occur after a sudden forceful twisting of the knee, which causes the meniscus the semicircular, wedge-shaped collection of soft cartilage in the knee to stretch and tear. In the discoid meniscus, there are decreased collagen Others believe that discoid appearance of the . Due to these anatomic differences, a discoid meniscus confers inferior mechanical properties and increased risk of both meniscal tear and symptoms such as knee pain and "snapping knee syndrome" . A discoid meniscus is thicker than normal, and often oval or disc-shaped. Basics Description Menisci are fibrocartilaginous structures that are C-shaped (axial plane) and wedge-shaped (coronal plane). Discoid menisci are usually found on the lateral (outer) side of the knee. Completely filled in center or small void in center with thicker outer rim Anatomic variation alters normal mechanics and predisposes to tearing. The natural history depends on the type of anomaly and the nature and presence of symptoms. O Brien T. Bilateral sleeve fractures of the patella in a 12-year-old boy with hereditary spastic paraparesisand crouch gait. Individuals with a discoid meniscus can be asymptomatic or symptomatic. Discoid meniscus (DM) is a rare variant of regular knee anatomy. When a well-meaning surgeon enters . The reported incidence of discoid meniscus ranges from 0.4 to 17% for the lateral meniscus [11, 12]. A discoid meniscus is an unusual meniscus variant, and is wider than the normal crescentic shape. Pathogenetically, the discoid meniscus may result from failure of the central resorption during the embryologic development [2]. Discoid menisci are usually found on the lateral (outer) side of the knee. Discoid Meniscus Clinical Pearl Always check Hip ROM during a clinical exam for a pediatric knee patient Many hip pathologies may present as knee . 2, 3 Incidence is estimated at 0.4% to 5.2% in . A Discoid Meniscus is a congenital defect of the meniscus (present in the knee). Discoid Meniscus is a rare orthopedic condition that occurs when the meniscus attains a half-moon or oval shape and thickens up. The concept of a clinical syndrome of a snapping knee that is caused by this type of DLM is widely accepted in the pediatric orthopedic literature. The pMFL thickness and volume were not significantly related to traumatic lateral meniscal tear, medial meniscal tear, and discoid meniscus. | Find, read and cite all the research you . . Objective: This study aimed to determine the changes in the mRNA levels of the apoptotic and autophagic genes in the discoid meniscus. The discoid lateral meniscus is . Conclusion: The discoid meniscus etiology should be considered both in morphological and genetic modulation manners: apoptotic and autophagic genes play roles with tibiofemoral morphological differences. The histologic findings of our study seem to confirm that discoid lateral meniscus is different from a normal meniscus in terms of distribution and shape of the cells, vascularity, and organization of collagen fibers, irrespectively of the age of the patients. Hereditary transmission of the discoid lateral menisci is shown in some cases . Discoid meniscus is the most frequent congenital malformation . 2. Hereditary; The presence of OCD in identical twins suggests there may be a genetic predisposition (4). Arthroscopy. Healthy menisci are shaped like crescent moons (in fact, "meniscus" comes from the Greek word for crescent). Discoid Meniscus The meniscus is a wedge-shaped piece of cartilage that sits in between the bones of the knee and acts as a cushion to protect the bones during movement. E. K. Schallert 06:05. My orthopedic surgeon indicated that discoid menisci are more prone to tears than "normal" menisci . The female preponderance of DLM (7:5) was observed . . The Discoid fibrocartilaginous structure differ to normal menisci with disorganized . The goal of surgery is to contour the discoid lateral meniscus to resemble a normal meniscus. The meniscus is a half circular disk of cartilage and is located between the tibia and the femur. Instead of the narrow crescent shape, as seen in a normal meniscus above, a discoid meniscus is thickened, and has a fuller crescent shape. Some patients may experience the feeling that their knee is giving away. However, cases of accessory lateral meniscus in the form of a double-layered meniscus are extremely uncommon (reported with a prevalence of 0.06% to 0.09% [2, 3]) and, when present, are believed to potentially contribute to the symptoms of patients . Meniscus Anatomy The meniscus is a soft and fibrous cartilage resting between the femur and the tibia in the knee. The goal of surgery is to contour the discoid lateral meniscus to resemble a normal meniscus. Arthroscopic treatment of meniscal cysts. first reported on the morphology of the discoid meniscus, and the associated clinical "snapping knee syndrome" was subsequently described by Middleton et al. Outside-in Repair of a Radial Tear of the Lateral Meniscus Body . The discoid meniscus is the most common abnormal meniscal variant in children . A discoid meniscus is semi-circular instead of C-shaped. While all patients initially underwent MRI for a suspected knee injury, those with lateral knee pain due to fracture, chondrosis, osseous stress response, or . Initially, the abnormal shape of DM was thought to result from a failure of central resorption of its intermediate form during . A number of researchers have reported a relation between meniscal injuries and discoid meniscus (4,8,9). Diagnosis can be suspected on radiographs with (squaring of lateral condyle with cupping of lateral tibial plateau) but require MRI for confirmation (3 or more 5mm sagittal images with meniscal continuity). There is an inner (medial) and an outer (lateral) meniscus. Overview D iscoid Meniscus is a term that describes an anatomic abnormality of the shape of the meniscus that results in a larger, thicker meniscus that resembles a "disc" rather than the normal "crescent" shape. Sometimes repairs (suturing/stitching) of meniscus is necessary to correct the meniscus, and this can only be assessed during surgery. We report members of a Caucasian family with abnormally A torn meniscus can be repaired, regenerated, or replaced at The Stone Clinic. There is a higher prevalence of discoid meniscus in Asian countries than in Western countries: 13% in Japan, 10.6% in Korea, 5.8% in India, and 3 to 5% in the United States [ 3, 4 ]. Most people complain of catching, popping, and locking of the knee. Discoid meniscus is a diagnosis that encompasses a spectrum of meniscal disorders of shape and stability [ 3 ]. It should be noted that an asymptomatic . The histology and ul-trastructure of the discoid meniscus are different from those of a normal meniscus. Several tears are amenable to arthroscopic repair. Discoid meniscus . [3]. To demonstrate the importance of mutation or polymorphism of related genes in injury. The goal of surgery is to contour the discoid lateral meniscus to resemble a normal meniscus. Discoid menisci are anatomical variants that have a body that is too wide, usually affecting the lateral meniscus. The patients must Incidence of the discoid lateral . 3 in contrast to lateral involvement, the Atik et al Discoid meniscus genetic etiology 648 Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice Volume 24 Issue 5 May 2021 in conditions leading to cellular stress, such as lack of nutrients and growth factors, to remove damaged organelles, long-lived proteins, and protein aggregates. 11 Discoid lateral meniscus was originally believed to result from an incomplete breakdown of the central meniscus, but this is now disputed, as at no time in . The precise aetiology of a discoid meniscus is unknown, although some authors suggested that it is congenital, with a genetic or familiar predisposition for the development of discoid menisci.14, 33, 34. . Discoid Meniscus. Discoid meniscus is a congenital anatomic variant seen almost exclusively on the lateral (outer) side of the knee. Some authors have reported bilateral discoid menisci in identical female twins 20) or in a family of three brothers and sisters 20, 21). This case series includes 4 patients, with ages ranging from adolescence to early . We reviewed the cases of 2,132 patients who underwent knee arthroscopy between 1986 and 2004 and diagnosis of discoid lateral meniscus was established in 39 patients with mean age of 31.7 9.4 years old. The disk shape of these menisci makes them more susceptible to tearing. Catching, popping, or locking in the knee are usually the symptoms the patient reports. A discoid lateral meniscus is the most common abnormality of the lateral meniscus. Many people have them and don't know it. My understanding is that even with the partial meniscus removal, I have a fair amount of lateral meniscus remaining. It is a congenital defect whose correct etiology is still debated and far from being clarified. Lateral discoid meniscus is far more common than medial discoid meniscus, with the latter being rare. Discoid menisci are congenital, frequently bilateral (up to 50%) and have been reported in twins, although no genetic locus has been identified . In most cases, the patients may not experience any symptoms throughout his life. A meniscus tear can be diagnosed during a physical exam from a sports medicine expert who may check your knee's range of motion as well as your walking gait. The discoid meniscus is a congenital anatomic variant that is estimated to affect up to 5% of the general US population [].In 1889, Young et al. At birth the entire meniscus has a blood supply at birth but by 10 years of age the central third has become avascular. There is a higher prevalence in Asians without any gender predilection . In some cases the entire meniscus needs to be excised due to un-repairable damage to the meniscus. (2,7,21). Some of the common symptoms of this condition includes Recurring pain, Stiffness or swelling i. It is a congenital defect whose correct etiology is still debated and far from being clarified. A discoid meniscus is an abnormal congenital morphological anomaly: it is thicker, has less vascularity, has a 'disc' shape instead of a normal 'semilunar' shape and covers more tibial plateau. Discoid menisci are prone to tearing secondary to increased thickness, poor tissue quality, and instability. Kaynak Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice. We have an experienced team of orthopedic surgeons that are offering comprehensive treatment for Discoid Meniscus. The presence of lateral discoid meniscus on MRI was defined as a medialized extension of the inner margin of the meniscus beyond the midline apex of the lateral femoral condyle (LFC) . . It proves that arthroscopic surgery for discoid meniscus injury has the advantages of less damage and faster recovery, it is the first choice for the treatment of discoid meniscus injury, and the postoperative effect is significant in young patients and those with short duration of symptoms; mixed tears have a greater impact on the . Unique Radiologic Features of Discoid Menisci Feat. In most cases, the patients may not experience any symptoms throughout his life. The purpose of this systematic review is to evaluate evidences of DM . Hereditary transmission of the discoid lateral menisci is shown in some cases [9]. A discoid meniscus can be associated with knee abnormalities such as high fibular head, fibular muscular defects, hypoplasia of the . anatomical feature protects the lateral meniscus against the occurrence of tears5. The discoid meniscus may be a congenital anomaly, and genetics or family history may play a role in the development of discoid menisci. The most common developmental anomaly is discoid meniscus (4,7). In . 6, 7 Discoid menisci are markedly more . The discoid meniscus is an anatomical variant of the normal meniscus where it is broader and saucer-shaped. in 1936 [2, 3].As its name implies, the defining feature of the discoid meniscus is its . Fourth, the presence of a discoid meniscus has a poorer prognosis due to the oversized meniscus causing excessive stress at the articular surface during motion (16). . A discoid meniscus is the abnormal development of the meniscus leading to a hypertrophic and discoid shaped meniscus. Sometimes repairs (suturing/stitching) of meniscus is necessary to correct the meniscus, and this can only be assessed during surgery. Discoid meniscus . . A discoid meniscus generally covers the entire tibial plateau. The discoid meniscus is a relatively rare abnormality of the knee joint. . A unique type of meniscus problem occasionally encountered in children is an abnormally shaped meniscus called a discoid meniscus. Although both menisci have been . Compared to standard meniscus it is thicker and abnormal in shape; these characteristics make it more prone to tear. The discoid meniscus may be an important associated finding to better understand the common complaints of leg pain for these patients.