Baker Hughes (NYSE: BKR) is a leading energy technology company that design, manufacture and service transformative technologies to help take energy forward. Amy has MA degrees in History, English, and Theology. However, these stories are based on the self-aggrandizing efforts of conquistadors to secure royal favor through the writing of probanzas de mritos (proofs of merit). Open Document. Corts and his people fled for their lives, running down one of Tenochtitlns causeways to safety on the shore. Starting in 1485, he approached Genoese, Venetian, Portuguese, English, and Spanish monarchs, asking for ships and funding to explore this westward route. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of 'The Age of Discovery', stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The Library of Congress. Payroll Services Expert, Novartis, Prague, Czech Republic 20+ Billion Cash Disbursements, 600k + payments through more than 400 Bank Accounts and countless lives impacted positively with our contributions to fulfill our noble purpose of reimagining medicineThe Payroll Services Expert supports the development of P&O processes, principles, and guidelines for a small client group, as well as . | 22 In time, much of the Atlantic World would become a gargantuan sugar-plantation complex in which Africans labored to produce the highly profitable commodity for European consumers. Sources. Wine and dried fruits from Algarve were sold in Flanders and England, salt from Setbal and Aveiro was a profitable export to northern Europe, and leather and kermes, a scarlet dye, were also exported. What does this letter show us about Spanish objectives in the New World? Spain, in particular, produced a number of famous conquistadors who established the presence of the Spanish empire in Mexico, California, and Peru. The extensive overseas exploration, with the Portuguese and Spanish at the forefront, later joined by the Dutch, English, and French, emerged as a powerful factor in European culture, most notably the European colonization of the Americas. Unlike Columbus, he realized that the Americas were not part of Asia but lands unknown to Europeans. So basically it helped explorers reach their destination. What are the long lasting effects of Spanish Exploration today? Even though the empires of Mexico and Peru had already had thriving trade routes, superior technology and biological factors of new diseases to which the Amerindians had no resistance gave Europeans the advantage. In anticipation of winning his own honor and riches, Corts later explored the Yucatn Peninsula. Spain wanted to explore the New World first to find a trade route to India as the Portuguese had. Las Meninas (The Maids of Honor), painted by Diego Velzquez in 1656, is one of the best-known paintings in history. Portuguese sailors continued to make important discoveries in this new arena as well. The bullwhip effect is a term used in supply chain management to describe how minor changes in consumer demand at the retail level can cause significant demand fluctuations upstream toward raw material suppliers. lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. copyright 2003-2023 Study.com. Although the period known as the Age of Discovery, when Western Europe's conquistadors or conquerors discovered the true expanse of the globe, began with a Portuguese and Spanish desire to find ways to the Far East and the spice trade, it ended with both nations permanently expanding a myriad of trade networks and colonies on continents previously unknown. Get unlimited access to over 88,000 lessons. The Impact of Portuguese Exploration Portugal's explorers changed Europeans' understanding of the world in several ways. Portuguese explorers were able to discover and conquer new worlds. In Spain, gold and silver from the Americas helped to fuel a golden age, the Siglo de Oro, when Spanish art and literature flourished. At the heart of the Spanish exploration, was the desire to gain access to the spice and silk routes to increase their power and . Christopher Columbus incorrectly believed he had found India when he landed at San Salvador in the Bahamas in 1492. With his support, Portuguese mariners successfully navigated an eastward route to Africa, establishing a foothold there that became a foundation of their nations trade empire in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. Spains acquisitiveness seemingly knew no bounds as groups of its explorers searched for the next trove of instant riches. An error occurred trying to load this video. Finally, they also desired to build an empire and spread Catholicism. In either case, she demonstrates one way in which native peoples responded to the arrival of the Spanish. . the fall of European national monarchies and the end of the power of the Catholic Church. Copies of the letter were soon circulating all over Europe, spreading news of the wondrous new land that Columbus had discovered. Columbus would make three more voyages over the next decade, establishing Spains first settlement in the New World on the island of Hispaniola. Spanish relationships with the natives tended to vary depending on the person. He and his men were astonished by the incredibly sophisticated causeways, gardens, and temples in the city, but they were horrified by the practice of human sacrifice that was part of the Aztec religion. Those who resisted were punished by a system called encomienda, in which natives were assigned to settlers through land grants as part of a deal. He believed that, using calculations based on other mariners journeys, he could chart a westward route to India, which could be used to expand European trade and spread Christianity. Inspired and backed financially by Prince Henry the Navigator, Portuguese explorers sailed south, down the coast of Africa, in hopes of finding a route to the Far East. The Spanish explorers were in search of mineral wealth, looking for El Dorado (the City of Gold) and they aspired to spread Christianity. Such endeavors were accomplished by the conquistadors Hernan Cortes and Francisco Pizarro, who subdued the Aztec and Incan Empires in 1521 and 1533. Indeed, the Spanish created an empire across two continents, and the world would never be the same. As Spains empire expanded and riches flowed in from the Americas, the Spanish experienced a golden age of art and literature. This map traces Coronados path through the American Southwest and the Great Plains. What was the success of Spain and Portugal? The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The effect of the Thrash's set items were huge. Vespuccis widely published accounts of his voyages fueled speculation and intense interest in the New World among Europeans. The two went hand in hand and produced individuals who both exploited the natives and truly wanted to help them. Although the Portuguese originally used the fort primarily for trading gold, by the sixteenth century they had shifted their focus. They explored the coasts of Africa and brought back gold and slaves. The spread of Christianity to native populations. Translated to conqueror, conquistadors were a class of men who especially partook in the age of exploration and discovery by leading expeditions to the New World with the understanding that conquest would gain them wealth and power with their monarchs. Missionaries like Motolinia had a legitimate desire to convert the natives and others like him, including the Dominican friar Bartolome de Las Casas, who wrote "A Brief Account of the Destruction of the West Indies" to draw attention to the atrocities committed against the natives by his fellow Spaniards. From these strategic points, Portugal spread its empire down the western coast of Africa to the Congo, along the western coast of India, and eventually to Brazil on the eastern coast of South America. 247 lessons The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. 201-202. Q. To those ends, Ferdinand and Isabella sponsored extensive Atlantic exploration. Corts arrived on Hispaniola in 1504 and took part in the conquest of that island. Malintzin remains a controversial figure in the history of the Atlantic World; some people view her as a traitor because she helped Corts conquer the Aztecs, while others see her as a victim of European expansion. In the 15th century, Spanish ships travelled all around the World carrying plants, animals, people, and goods. Portuguese success in exploration depended on maritime technological advances, especially caravel ships with lateen sails that were triangular in shape and gave Europeans the advantage of finally sailing in both directions along the African coast. Beyond the splendor of the architecture of the missions, what we see today is the cumulative effect of a historic process Spain triggered with its efforts to govern and Christianize the New World, thereby culturally changing the land and people forever. Corts was also aided by a Nahua woman called Malintzin (also known as La Malinche or Doa Marina, her Spanish name), whom the natives of Tabasco gave him as tribute. Portugals Prince Henry the Navigator spearheaded his countrys exploration of Africa and the Atlantic in the 1400s. However, after three years of entreaties, and, more important, the completion of the Reconquista, Ferdinand and Isabella agreed to finance Columbuss expedition in 1492, supplying him with three ships: the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. Rather than leading to the discovery of gold and silver, however, the expedition simply left Coronado bankrupt. Columbus made a total of four voyages to the New World, but he honestly believed for the rest of his life that he had found the Far East. Such accounts kept the debate on the treatment of natives constantly at the forefront of political life during the age of exploration with the struggle always between greed and humanity. Cortes, for example, had friendly relationships with a number of natives, using them to assist in his conquest of the Aztecs, while other conquistadors focused only on subjugation and cruelty. Since the 700s, much of Spain had been under Islamic rule, and King Ferdinand II and Queen Isabella I, arch-defenders of the Catholic Church against Islam, were determined to defeat the Muslims in Granada, the last Islamic stronghold in Spain. The natives quickly became the bulk of the workforce and were horribly abused despite Isabel's orders to the contrary. The Portuguese destroyed the Arab trade routes in the Indian Ocean between Africa, Arabia and India. Columbus also discovered tobacco seeds and brought the seeds back to Europe. How did Portuguese and Spanish exploration effect the people in Africa? Over two centuries, the Spanish established an empire over two continents that changed the lives of the Amerindians, the very face of the land itself, and indeed, the entire world. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. Spanish rulers Ferdinand and Isabella promoted the acquisition of these new lands in order to strengthen and glorify their own empire. In 1418, the Portuguese came upon the Madeira Islands and established a colony at Porto Santo. There were different reasons for the Spanish and Portuguese exploration, with the Portuguese establishing a trading post empire to protect their goods, and Spain focusing on empire-building. Portrait of Ferdinand Magellan. In 1542, de Soto himself died during the expedition. It also marks an increased adoption of colonialism as a government policy in several European states. The Great Depression, 1929-1932, Franklin Roosevelt and the New Deal, 1932-1941, Fighting the Good Fight in World War II, 1941-1945, Post-War Prosperity and Cold War Fears, 1945-1960, Political Storms at Home and Abroad, 1968-1980, The Challenges of the Twenty-First Century. In short, the actions of the Portuguese and Spanish established a permanent European presence in the New World and set the stage for future conflict and historical movements. All of these items are still traded across the Atlantic today to places all over the world. The explorers also gained new foods like corn and pineapple. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Sugar fueled the Atlantic slave trade, and the Portuguese islands quickly became home to sugar plantations. In addition to forcing the native populations into slavery, the Spanish explorers forced them to convert to Christianity. The Jesuits attempted to covert the natives to Christianity, but most of the other colonists were more interested in pushing west to find gold and silver. The motives for Spanish exploration was to find Northwest Passage, which they believed was a direct and efficient route to the Orient home of spices, silks and wealth. The confinement of my story to Spanish, rather than Iberian, America means the almost total exclusion of the Portuguese settlement of Brazil, except for glancing references to the sixty-year period, from 1580 to 1640, when it formed part of Spain's global monarchy. The most famous of these Spanish adventurers are Christopher Columbus (who, though Italian himself, explored on behalf of the Spanish monarchs), Hernn Corts, and Francisco Pizarro. Portuguese exploration along the African coast was marked by trading rather than colonization with the empire-building posts to protect their ships carrying spices and gold back to Portugal and allying with African kings when possible. It is after the Reconquista, that the Europeans start to expand and explore the new world for new trade routes to the riches, i.e. The compass rose also told . Along the way, they discovered plenty of ways to make a profit from their voyages, and pretty soon they were leaders in the gold and slave trades. The Spanish were also the first in the New World. Columbus set sail with three small ships and a crew of eighty . I feel like its a lifeline. They were hoping to get rich, like their Spanish neighbors. Learn more about how Pressbooks supports open publishing practices. Effects of Spanish Rule in North and South America: 1. Overview. The regions through which he traveled were not empty areas waiting to be discovered: rather, they were populated and controlled by the groups of native peoples indicated. Upon Columbuss return to Spain, the Spanish crown bestowed on him the title of Admiral of the Ocean Sea and named him governor and viceroy of the lands he had discovered. This involved an exchange of plants, goods, ideas, and diseases from Europe to the Americas. The map shows areas of Portuguese and Spanish exploration, the two nations claims under the Treaty of Tordesillas, and a variety of flora, fauna, figures, and structures. In 1488, Bartholomeu Dias managed to make his way around the Cape of Good Hope at the southern tip of Africa. The Portuguese were very pleased by this achievement, and they soon dominated the East Indies trade. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Felicity Moran received a Bachelors in history from Franciscan University of Steubenville, and a Master's in history from the University of Cincinnati, where she taught at the collegiate level for two years. . Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. Spain attracted innovative foreign painters such as El Greco, a Greek who had studied with Italian Renaissance masters like Titian and Michelangelo before moving to Toledo. This era began in the late 1400's and lasted through the 1700's. It is responsible for influencing European culture, initiating globalization, and introducing colonialism around the world. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. Vasco de Gamas exploits successfully established a spice trade between Europe and India. 27 chapters | Although traditional warfare continued to be a major tool for political control, European countries also grew concerned with gaining economic superiority over their neighbors, their main tool being international trade. Spain and Portugal were considered to be the major exponents of The Age of Discovery, stretching from the early 15 th century to mid-17 th century. The voyages of Columbus. found and claimed Pacific Ocean for Spain and called it the south sea Hernando Cortes 1519- to find gold glory and god. After taking Cuba in 1511, the Spanish continued traveling further into the territory with the conquistador, Hernan Cortes, attacking the Aztec Empire in 1519, taking their capital of Tenochtitlan in 1521. The Portuguese expanded in wealth and founded the international slave trade, an institution whose ramifications would haunt Atlantic history until the nineteenth century. Set in the Wizarding World universe, this game finally lets you explore the castle of Hogwarts and the surrounding area with near-limitless freedom. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. His patronage allowed some of the most important Portuguese expeditions to take place. In the 1500s, Spain surpassed Portugal as the dominant European power. The trees, fruits and grasses differ widely from those in Juana. Map of Columbus' first journey to the Americas. Europeans longed for the luxuries of the Far East, including silks, pepper, and spices, but the Far East trade was dominated by Muslims and Venetians who hauled the goods over land, making them extremely expensive. He believed the earth to be much smaller than its actual size and, since he did not know of the existence of the Americas, he fully expected to land in Asia. All lands to the west of the line, identified as the Line of Demarcation, would be Spains. Columbuss discovery opened a floodgate of Spanish exploration. conquered Aztecs, killed emperor, collected gold Ferdinand Magellan Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Between 1540 and 1542, Coronado led a large expedition of Spaniards and native allies to the lands north of Mexico City, and for the next several years, they explored the area that is now the southwestern United States ([link]). What are the effects of Spain exploration? Francisco Pizarro conquered the Inca Empire and took part in explorations of the northern Caribbean coast of South America. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration quizlet? succeed. Portugal, the western-most European country, was one of the primary players in the European Age of Discovery and Exploration. The reasons for the difference are to be found in the. The Portuguese had the best and most up-to-date navigational tools as well. All lands to the east of the line would go to Portugal. What impact did the Portuguese and Spanish explorers have on Europe? Probanzas de mritos featured glowing descriptions of lands of plenty. The local Amerindian population were enslaved by the Spanish, and forced to work. They established posts in Guinea and Angola and a few island plantations to support their business ventures. Santngel had supported Columbuss voyage, helping him to obtain funding from Ferdinand and Isabella. While the Portuguese built a maritime trading empire in Africa and Asia, the Spanish built a territorial empire in the Americas . Portugal imported armor and munitions, fine clothes, and several manufactured products from Flanders and Italy. What are the most important factors behind the success of Portuguese and Spanish overseas exploration and colonization? NYFA's Bachelor of Fine Arts (BFA) degree programs are designed to provide students with a concentrated education in film, media, and entertainment, supported by an exploration of the liberal arts and sciences. Spains most famous explorer, Christopher Columbus, was actually from Genoa, Italy. They accomplished this through a combination of military strength and strategic alliances with native peoples. Causes and Effects of Spanish Exploration and Colonization Spain played a critical part in the exploration and colonization of the Americas. 3 What impact did Portuguese have on Africa? Far from being unified and content under Aztec rule, many peoples in Mexico resented it and were ready to rebel. Velzquez painted himself into this imposingly large royal portrait (hes shown holding his brush and easel on the left) and boldly placed the viewer where the king and queen would stand in the scene ([link]). The increased flow of silver altered the worldwide global trading both socially and economically. Spanish and Portuguese Atlantic encounters set in motion the Columbian Exchange Columbian Exchange: The exchange of plants, animals, and diseases between Europe, Africa, and the Americas from first contact through the Age of Exploration (1500-1599). The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile in 1469 unified Catholic Spain and began the process of building a nation that could compete for worldwide power. In 1492, they completed the Reconquista: the centuries-long Christian conquest of the Iberian Peninsula. Perhaps the key motivator behind exploration in this era was economic. The Spaniards were not far behind the Portuguese in their exploration and empire building. Almost as an afterthought, the Portuguese turned west to Brazil in the 16th century and began settlement in 1533. (04.05) Painting of a scene showing European explorers and native peoples in the New World. The resulting Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 drew a north-to-south line through South America ([link]); Spain gained territory west of the line, while Portugal retained the lands east of the line, including the east coast of Brazil. However, the overthrow of the Mongols by the Ottoman Empire had closed that border as the longstanding religious differences between Christian Europe and Muslim Ottomans allowed the old conflict to disrupt the flow of trade. Dutch Golden Age History & Timeline | What is the Dutch Golden Age? When the Spanish captured Granada in 1492, it allowed the Catholic monarchs, Ferdinand and Isabella, to listen to the arguments of the Genoese sea captain, Christopher Columbus, and his claims that he could find a shorter route to the Far East. Spanish Exploration Birth of the USA American Constitution American Independence War Causes of the American Revolution Democratic Republican Party General Thomas Gage biography Intolerable Acts Loyalists Powers of the President Quebec Act Seven Years' War Stamp Act Tea Party Cold War Battle of Dien Bien Phu Brezhnev Doctrine Brezhnev Era Jul 22nd, 2021 Published. What was Portugals role in the age of discovery? How did Exploration impact the world? Vasco de Balboa 1513- goal was to find gold and a new sea. Columbuss 1493 letteror probanza de mrito (proof of merit)describing his discovery of a New World did much to inspire excitement in Europe. The money flowed freely, but they still hoped to find a way to the East. Lasting effects of Spanish conquest in Latin America included the decimation of native populations and suppression of their languages, histories and cultures. As they died, new workers were needed. When Vasco de Gama found a new route to India, the Portuguese were able to trade spices and jewels. Believing he had landed in the East Indies, Columbus called the native Tanos he found there Indios, giving rise to the term Indian for any native people of the New World. Often I have sent two or three men ashore to some town to converse with them, and the natives came out in great numbers, and as soon as they saw our men arrive, fled without a moments delay although I protected them from all injury. C. Africans sold spices to Portugal and Spain. The Portuguese established a European trading post empire to capitalize on their superior navigation skills and tap into existing African trade routes. What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? Although Europeans continued to trade with the east, especially the seagoing Venetians, the venture was expensive and unsanctioned by the Catholic Church, which forbade Christian trade with Muslim empires. Although Portugal opened the door to exploration of the Atlantic World, Spanish explorers quickly made inroads into the Americas. When these expeditions began, Europeans knew virtually nothing about the area past Cape Bojador on. Europeans wanted to find their own trade routes and cut out the middle men, and with their better ships, maps, and navigational tools, they finally had the technology to do it. This 1502 map, known as the Cantino World Map, depicts the cartographers interpretation of the world in light of recent discoveries. It also established trading posts in China and Japan. This venture drew them further out, especially with Prince Henry the Navigator's patronage of exploration which opened the possibilities of finding a route to the Far East by sea. Who ruled the government of ancient Sumer? [3] Inland there are numerous mines of metals and innumerable people. Bartolome de Las Casas speaks with the Amerindians, then with the Spanish leaders. What should we consider when we interpret these documents today? Francisco Vsquez de Coronado was born into a noble family and went to Mexico, then called New Spain, in 1535. This material (including graphics) can freely be used for educational purposes such as classroom presentations in universities and colleges. The Portuguese also traded these slaves, introducing much-needed human capital to other European nations. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. This conflict provided the background for the heralded Age of Discovery, whereupon European nations began exploring new horizons to find means of expanding their influence and discovering new and hopefully shorter trade routes. . Large numbers of Spanish people came to live and work in their new lands of Central and South America. 1015 Words. An exchange of ideas, fueled and financed in part by New World commodities, began to connect European nations and, in turn, to touch the parts of the world that Europeans conquered. Portugal got richer because of the Indian trade. Hernando de Soto had participated in Pizarros conquest of the Inca, and from 1539 to 1542 he led expeditions to what is today the southeastern United States, looking for gold. 1 What was the effect of Spanish and Portuguese exploration? explored ante empire in Mexico. . The Spanish monarchs knew that Portuguese mariners had reached the southern tip of Africa and sailed the Indian Ocean. The time was ripe to explore, discover, and expand. She has taught college English and religious education classes and currently works as a freelance writer. He also started a school Which country established the first colonies in the Americas? Along the way, the explorers were always on the lookout for gold and silver. Malintzin translated for Corts in his dealings with Moctezuma and, whether willingly or under pressure, entered into a physical relationship with him. extensive migration of people from the Western Hemisphere to Europe and Asia. They understood that the Portuguese would soon reach Asia and, in this competitive race to reach the Far East, the Spanish rulers decided to act. AP European History: The Age of Expansion, The Market Economy in 17th Century Europe, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, The Age of Discovery and the Conquistadors, AP European History: Overview of the Renaissance, AP European History: Renaissance Philosophy, Art & Literature, AP European History: Reformation Roots & Teachings, AP European History: The Reformation's Effects Across Europe, The Old World and New World: Why Europeans Sailed to the Americas, Portuguese and Spanish Empires: Growth in the New World & Asia, The Columbian Exchange, Global Trade & Mercantilism, Triangular Trade: Route, System & Role in Slavery, The Commercial Revolution: Economic Impact of Exploration and Colonization on Europe, Spreading Religion in the Age of Exploration, AP European History: The Rise of Monarchical Nation States, AP European History: English History (1450-1700), AP European History: The Scientific Revolution and Enlightenment, AP European History: The French Revolution, AP European History: The Napoleonic Empire, AP European History: 19th Century Revolutionary Movements, AP European History: The First Industrial Revolution, AP European History: Unifications of Nation States in the 19th Century, AP European History: Russia After World War I, AP European History: Integration: Europe after the Soviet Union, Developing and Writing Your AP Exam Essay, History 106: The Civil War and Reconstruction, AP European History: Homework Help Resource, ILTS Social Science - History (246): Test Practice and Study Guide, GED Social Studies: Civics & Government, US History, Economics, Geography & World, High School US History: Homework Help Resource, High School US History: Tutoring Solution, Roman God Pluto of the Underworld: Facts & Overview, Pseudo-Dionysius the Areopagite's Mystical Theology, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Recognize the exploration of the Portuguese and Spanish Empires, Identify the African and Brazilian expansion by Portugal, Describe the Spanish conquerors and conquest of South and Central America.