Most of us are aware of only the glaringly obvious differences between ourselves and those from other cultures. Consequently, learning becomes relevant, meaningful, and purposeful in relation to the individual and the society. Date posted: September 23, 2017. child rearing practices. Implications for clinical practice are discussed. PIP: The purpose of this paper is to present an overview picture of the belief system of Zimbabwe, some of the health practices and beliefs affecting the childbearing period and the traditional midwifery care. Spankings of African Tradition. Traditional Indian families tend to discipline their children in a more aggressive and stern manner than most typical U.S. families. Children are rarely coddled or allowed to misbehave in any way. Objectives: The objective of this study is to explore and analyze the cultural beliefs and traditional rituals about child birth practice in rural, Nepal. Unless someone is a 'foreigner'or don't mind the risk of being referred to as suchNigerians are expected to have three different wedding ceremonies. Child-rearing practices in every society occur in accordance with the cultural norms of the society. To understand the social, cultural context of pregnancy, childbirth and subsequent maternal and child care and to use this information for the improvement of maternal and child care, an . This essay addresses parenting, culture, and the intersection of the two. As many as 84.5% of the women stated that they performed a traditional practice to ensure Socialization is a lifelong process that encompasses the different stages of childhood and continues throughout adulthood. (Solved) Traditional/ Child rearing practices during birth. In many African cultures, like the Senegalese and Hofriyati, female circumcision is used as a way to initiate girls into womanhood. 1. Traditional practices are the product of hundreds of thousands of years of natural experiments, by thousands of societies. Traditional Xhosa male circumcision rites need to be understood within a highly complex socio-sexual context involving violence, family breakdown, resource scarcity and inter-generational conflict. Breast feeding usually lasted for a period of three years or more. In this volume, the authors bring together salient issues regarding cultural beliefs and practices and social issues regarding . communities are expected to practice traditional child rearing. John Bowlby formulated his ideas on attachment theory during the 1950s. Africans have embraced Western Traditions in the name of Modernity, this film documents how our traditions as Africans can be important in raising a child an. They exemplified the complexity of breastfeeding behaviour and the relationship between infant feeding with economic status and the perceived social norms of the host country. Socialization is a lifelong process that encompasses the different stages of childhood and continues throughout adulthood. We are even less aware of how those differences become established. In traditional Asian families, the family unit, rather than the individual, is highly valued (Dosanjh & Ghuman, 1996). The biggest trend in European child discipline is the move to make spanking, striking, or slapping a child illegal. Child Rearing. The first group in the experience of a child is his mother. Socialization and child rearing have been topics of sustained interest for almost one hundred years, and the groundwork for contemporary ideas can be found in thousands of years of philosophical and religious discourses. Edwards Hall Clemson, SC 29634-0745 Cross-cultural research using the eHRAF World Cultures and eHRAF Archaeology databases allows us . Such norms include but may not be limited to cutting of cord, weaning practices and folk medicine practices. The Parent Behavior Checklist (PBC) 20 was used to solicit and measure maternal child-rearing practices and expectations based on parental report. . Different child rearing practices promote different values and skills. The term child rearing refers to the process used to bring up a child from birth through adulthood. 1. A Comparison between African Traditional and Modern Child Rearing Practice: With Implication to Youth Guidance and Counselling. Contemporary African culture is a mixture of traditional elements and alien features. First objective for the study was to ascertain how rural Igbos of Eastern Nigeria raise their children from birth to age eight years of age. Bornstein (2002) proclaims that child rearing practices are embedded in a culture and determine to a larger extent, the behaviours and expectations surrounding the childs birth, infancy, childhood, adolescence and the way the child will parent as adults. Discipline and child-rearing (or lack thereof) also determines how the world sees a child. Individualistic cultures emphasize self-sufficiency, while collectivist ones emphasize the dependence of individuals on the group of which they are a part. Depending on what part of the country you're from, this involves bride price, flogging, mass prostrations, wine carrying . A more extreme African proverb says, a child who is not embraced by the village will burn it down to feel its warmth. Date Written: March 1, 2017 Abstract This paper endeavors to highlight how contemporary African child-rearing practices affect a child's self-concept and learning. In many African countries it is common to see women carrying their babies on their backs as they work in the field, care for other children, carry water, cook, gather firewood, and clean their clothes and homes. In understanding parenting practices of MD parents in the United States, it is important to separate the effects of being an ethnic minority in the United States from associating oneself with Mexican cultural beliefs and values. In the Arab world, culture and tradition are strong influences on family life, including how children are raised. The American Colonization Society (ACS), dedicated to the resettlement of free people of color outside the United States, was founded in 1816. One of the greatest strengths of WAIMH is holding a global Continued From time immemorial, African communities have always marked the transition of a person's life cycle from the day they are born to the day they die. The present discourse, made from within an Arabian Gulf society, specifically Oman, reviews the socio-cultural differences of the region and explores the potential regional challenges for effectively implementing . This article examines some of these practices. Traditional and cultural practices have long played an important role in Liberian society and continue to permeate many aspects of life in Liberia. Introduction While many aspects of childbirth and child development are universal parts of the human experience worldwide, parenting practices and family beliefs and values regarding child rearing are culturally determined; thus, approaches to supporting optimal child development are best viewed within a cultural context. 2. The family may be matriarchal, although father or mother may take on the decision-making role. The practice in some Introduction. It allows peace and happiness to blossom. Reynolds, P. Dance Civet Cat: Child Labour in the Zambezi Valley , 1991. Answers (1) There are two fundamental patterns in child-rearing, individualistic and collectivist, explains communication expert Marcia Carteret on Dimensions of Culture. . Culture-bound . Live. It also observes that child-rearing practice is a prominent challenge for many parents including ones in sub-Saharan Africa. Culturally Responsive Child Welfare Practice (PDF - 9,670 KB) LaLiberte, Crudo, & Skallet (2015) CW360, Winter Focuses on culturally responsive practice with American Indian, African-American, and other families. In In most parts of Africa, child-rearing practices are highly influenced by the traditional norms and values. For example, many older Black parents and grandparents do their best to ensure that the children and . It was the duty of all members of the extended family to participate in the rearing of children. Determining Child Abuse & Neglect Across Cultures There is no one "right way" to raise a . A very high priority of Ancient Africans was for youth to recognize the dignity in each of God's creatures and creations and to show them proper respect. Additionally, Opikinawasowin knowledge is often transmitted through the cultural context of prayer and ceremony so asking Elders about the spiritual foundation of Opikinawasowin is an important aspect within this research. 7 The apparent threat is the mishandling of the child maltreatment case due to bias toward partic-ular cultural views, standards, and norms. 8 all the mothers follow the cultural practices in child rearing and toilet training for. The African way of raising a child This public space also extends into the home, as many people employ staff to help look after their children. Publication types Review MeSH terms The quality of education given the child in the traditional African setting, was a holistic one; one which aimed at grooming the . Literature from a variety of disciplines in the areas of attachment, socialization agendas, discipline, and parental teaching is reviewed to provide a description of the cultural context for child rearing in African-American families. Three Weddings. The present discourse, made from within an Arabian Gulf society, specifically Oman, reviews the socio-cultural differences of the region and explores the potential regional challenges for effectively implementing . Young girls learn from a very young age to take care of their younger siblings. These . Tumuti, Sammy In the traditional African society (TAS), the child is allowed to interact with learning materials and situations. pertaining to these harmful traditional and cultural practices. Abstract. In most societies, however, child-rearing practices and child care share common values: the preservation of life and maintenance of health and well-being of children. 2.1.5 Child Rearing Practices 17 . The child rearing practices of any one culture are no more 'valuable' than those of another.In Aboriginal culture the extended family plays a crucial role in raising children. A COMPARISON BETWEEN AFRICAN TRADITIONAL AND MODEM' CHILD REARING PRACTICES: WITH IMPLICATION TO YOUTH GUIDANCE AND COUNSELLING. English In the traditional African society (TAS), the child is allowed to interact with learning materials and situations. African culture, but demean them, complicating the child rearing process in the Diaspora. The introduction of western culture into African societies has ushered in a process of change with respect to indelenous. coming from'. In line with international best practice, the Arabian Gulf countries have ratified the Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC), which has some clauses on child abuse and neglect. There is an expectation of deference to people in a position of power, which . Disciplining of Children. . Republic of Zimbabwe. Their breastfeeding practices in Australia were a combination of practices maintained from their countries of origin and those adopted according to Australian cultural norms. Answers (1) How children were viewed in Traditional African Communities in Kenya (Solved) How children were viewed in Traditional African Communities in Kenya . One might view the process along a . Cord Cutting Practices Census 1992: Zimbabwe National Report , 1994. The old school or traditional Nigerian parenting style includes; tough love, discipline, instilling a sense of responsibility and diligence at home; chores directed mostly at the female child. However, the structure in African American families is often extended to include non-related "family" members or "fictive kin.". In most societies, however, child-rearing practices share a common value: the preservation of life and maintenance of the health and well-being of a new-born infant. Perhaps the most important single thing that a parent does for a child is determine the culture into which that child is born. Discusses cultural healing practices that resemble identifying markers of child abuse. In line with international best practice, the Arabian Gulf countries have ratified the Convention on the Right of the Child (CRC), which has some clauses on child abuse and neglect. Introduction While many aspects of childbirth and child development are universal parts of the human experience worldwide, parenting practices and family beliefs and values regarding child rearing are culturally determined; thus, approaches to supporting optimal child development are best viewed within a cultural context. 2 However, the increasing number of . He worked as a child psychiatrist at the Tavistock Clinic in London during World War II . Attachment theory explained. ERIC is an online library of education research and information, sponsored by the Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. How child rearing is done can depend greatly on cultural influences and how parents make decisions on such complex issues as whether the mother should work and the proper types of discipline for a child. were recruited from three parenting programs offered by a non-profit family and child support organization in the Southern California Metropolitan area. A key approach towards addressing the over-representation of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander children in the child protection system is to develop and build on their knowledge and understandings of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander family and community structures and child-rearing practices. These important transitions are . African child rearing practices. Search millions of objects in the collections including photographs, artworks, artifacts, scientific specimens, manuscripts, sound records, and transcripts. We are inculcated into the values of our culture from the moment we are bom. Many aspects of African American culture today reflect the culture of the general US population. by Paulette Brown-Hinds April 1, 2010. In this volume, the authors bring together salient issues regarding cultural beliefs and practices and social issues regarding . Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in the Kesharpur primary health care centre of Baitadi district, Far western Nepal during April - May, 2013. It is well acknowledged that child trafficking is an endemic and troubling problem in Nigerian society ( Adesina, 2014). . 7 majority of the child-rearing practices are based on the traditional practices by the grandparents. both receivers as well as a source of culture (Goodnow, 1988; Harkness and Super, 1996; Valsiner, 2007). The Swahili believe that when a girl is 13, she's ready to be initiated into wom- anhood, through training. The child was clearly frightened by the presence of her aunt, but the extent and reasons for these fears were only articulated after Victoria's death. traditional Latino culture and . Cultural societies such as the Sande (for women) and Poro (for men) form an important part of that society. Practices after pregnancy. . The push for corporal punishment bans has largely been led by the human rights organization The Council of Europe. The study population mainly . This helps shape her into womanhood. However, approaches to childhood and children vary greatly across countries and peoples around the world. One of the greatest strengths of WAIMH is holding a global Continued This qualitative study describes the childrearing practices among the Igbos of Eastern Nigeria, and offers implications for social work and educational services for African immigrants raising families in the United States. i) traditional childrearing practices focused on modelling respect, ii) perseverance was a virtue that was inculcated in children through various means, iii) children were raised to work hard and. opens in a new window Authoritarian parenting is a style of child-rearing that emphasizes high standards and a tendency to control kids through shaming, the withdrawal of love, or other punishments. Date posted: September 23, 2017. impact factor 3.582 case studies journal issn (2305-509x) - volume 6, issue 3 march-2017 an analysis of how contemporary african child-rearing practices affect a child's self- concept and learning (2) author's details: (1) emily ganga kudzai chinyoka great zimbabwe university, department of educational foundations faculty of education, box This study documents thirteen traditional parenting As the central focus of the individual's life, the value of While guiding and protecting the individual, the family serves as the tie between the individual and society as a whole. Until recently, the issue of child trafficking was debated in the broad context of human trafficking. integrate with traditional wisdom and practices to a lesser or greater extent as and when Introduction 7. Within the African and Western cultures, child rearing practices include activities . . Child-rearing practices and child care in every society occurs in accordance with the cultural norms of the society. Socialization and child rearing have been topics of sustained interest for almost one hundred years, and the groundwork for contemporary ideas can be found in thousands of years of philosophical and religious discourses. By traditional standards, many modern child-rearing practices are weird. (Uzoma, 2014). Had the slaves who crossed the Atlantic been mostly adults from the same tribes and nationalities, spoken the same languages, shared the same blueprint for child-rearing that was practiced in the societies where they were enslaved, and been given freedom to rear their children without interference from whites, then maybe traditional African . The PBC is a 100-item Likert-type scale that focuses on multiple rather than single aspects of childrearing and provides information on parents' beliefs and the childrearing behaviors that appeal to . Raising children to be active participants in the community is seen as the collective responsibility of all members of the . What this practically means is that in public spaces if someone sees a child doing something wrong or getting into danger then they will step in even before asking the parent if they can intervene. The challenge becomes how to provide children of African parentage with strategies that would enable them to effectively balance expectations within their private space that celebrates their Africanness and the public space that emphasizes their Americanness. . The organization proposed the ban in 2009 and it has since been ratified by more than 23 countries. In most societies, however, child-rearing practices share a common value: the preservation of life and maintenance of the health and well-being of a new-born infant. Apart from learning about house chores, she is usually 15 taken to a "Kungwi", an instructor who will train her for about two months on basic womanhood issues and her breaking phase into puberty. Child-rearing practices in every society occur in accordance with the cultural norms of the society. Love is an important part of growth. The Nigerian family puts a big premium on respect, traditions, and culture. Child-rearing practices in Africa have always been preparation for taking an honored role in adult society. socialization practices, the home environment and parent child relationships (Rubin and Mills, 1992; Sears et al., 1957). CHILD REARING PRACTICES IN EASTERN NIGERIA: IMPLICATIONS FOR SOCIAL WORK IN THE UNITED STATES Chinyelu B. Okafor, Ph.D. Department of Public Health Sciences, Clemson University College of Health, Education & Human Development 503 R.C. Introduction. Western cultures tend to be more This affects the children's relationships with family members, household environment, education and expectations 3.Arab culture traditionally emphasizes the extended family and community and raising a child is more of a communal role, rather than only the duty of the parents. cultural values 'within the African continent. 1 Traditional circumcision may be seen as a sacred religious practice, 2 has been rationalised as a mechanism for the maintenance of social order 3 and is believed to play a role in . The complexity of cultural relativism can be seen in relation to the practice of female circumcision which is common in some parts of Africa. The study of parenting in culture is one of similarities and differences in parental cognitions and practices and their meaning. The first one is the traditional wedding. African culture has experienced rapid change since the colonial invasion. culture (see Chapter 14). 1 This article aims to critically analyse the problem of child trafficking in the cultural and legal context of Nigeria. Mild corporal punishment such as spanking is considered a normal aspect to parenting in many Indian families. Traditional/ Child rearing practices during birth. However, the rituals surrounding womanhood and motherhood reflex different cultural norms and practices. Consequently, learning becomes relevant, meaningful, and purposeful in.relation to the individual and the society. Traditional Chinese parenting has been labeled as "authoritarian" by some researchers. In the traditional African society (TAS), the child is allowed to interact with learning materialsand situations. Local African culture was oppressed for many years by white South Africans, who find their cultural roots in western countries. Childhood, child-rearing and care-giving are all areas of human development which are largely taken for granted from within a single culture. come into contact with each other, conicting cultural child-rearing practices create a sit-uation ripe with the potential for disputes concerning what is child abuse or neglect. "Child rearing is literally a family and community concern and is not confined solely to the parents of the child" Unlike the wider Australian society, the . Traditional Healers and Childhood in Zimbabwe , 1996. Everyone in the traditional African society wanted the child to be sociable, honest, courageous, humble, preserving, of good repute and conduct at all times. The disappearance and/or absence of the traditional practices of Nyaluso ya vhana (childrearing) have been alleged to be one of the root causes of why many children are involved in acts of ill-discipline, substance abuse, inappropriate sexual activities and so on. some traditional practices. For 10.0% of the women, traditional practices were not important at all, and the remaining 90.0% of them cared about traditional Practices done by women to ensure the in Table 3. may in uence how child-rearing practices evolve to meet these challenges (Garcia Coll et al., 1996). The African Voice in Southern Rhodesia, 1898- 1930 , 1970. Similar to Western culture, girls within African society go through a similar transformation. The ACS used private funds donated by wealthy white contributors to "purchase" land in west Africa and recruit African-American settlers, the first group of whom arrived in 1822. The communal approach was the norm in West Africa during 500-1590, and it is still common in most parts of West Africa. For African-American parents, transmitting an awareness of cultural values and norms is integrated into parenting; childrearing has been shaped by the stripping of support systems through the experience of slavery, Jim Crow laws enacted after the reconstruction period, and forms of modern racism, microaggressions and oppression. Society's role in the growth of a child cannot be ignored and in Africa it is expected that everyone lends a hand in caring for a young one. Traditional Hmong beliefs and practices include: taking notice of the birth date and time, placing a silver necklace on the newborn, not praising the newborn, not taking the infant out during the first 30 days, breastfeeding, the infant's sharing a bed with the parents, and a soul-calling ceremony on the third day after birth.