Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Fifteenth edition. 96.19. At the talks in Beijing Belarusian President Aleksandr Lukashenko congratulated Xi Jinping on the great trust demonstrated by the Chinese people at the National Congress of the Chinese Communist . Many early Rus' principalities were virtually razed or severely affected by a major Mongol invasion in the 13th century, but the lands of modern-day Belarus avoided the brunt of the invasion and eventually joined the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Flutter Entertainment Plc: The online gambling firm reported higher full-year revenues and profits, after winning two million new monthly customers through acquisitions and newly legalized sports . . . . [246] The average life expectancy is 72.15 (66.53 years for men and 78.1 years for women). We unlock the potential of millions of people worldwide. [266] Rock music has become increasingly popular in recent years, though the Belarusian government has attempted to limit the amount of foreign music aired on the radio in favor of traditional Belarusian music. They were decorated with ornate patterns influenced by the neighboring cultures: Poles, Lithuanians, Latvians, Russians, and other European nations. We do not recognize him but we must deal with him", U.S. no longer recognizes Lukashenko as legitimate president of Belarus, "Belarus election: UK refuses to recognise result and demands international investigation into 'grisly repression' of protests", "Canada denounces Lukashenko's inauguration in Belarus, preparing sanctions over human rights violations", "U.S., EU Sanction Belarus in Coordinated Western Action", "Britain and Canada impose sanctions on Belarus leader Lukashenko", "Ukraine conflict: UK sanctions Belarus for role in Russian invasion", "EU bans 70% of Belarus exports to bloc with new sanctions over Ukraine invasion", "Could Russia's Reliance on Belarus be its Soft Underbelly? In: Zeitschrift fr Slawistik 45 (2000), 200214. The Communist Party of China is the founding and sole governing political party of the People's Republic of China. [79] Most of Western Belarus became part of the Reichskommissariat Ostland in 1941, but in 1943 the German authorities allowed local collaborators to set up a client state, the Belarusian Central Council. [138] The Council of the Republic has the power to select various government officials, conduct an impeachment trial of the president, and accept or reject the bills passed by the House of Representatives. Belarus, country of eastern Europe. The victims were hospitalized with intramuscular bleeding of the rectum, anal fissure and bleeding, and damage to the mucous membrane of the rectum. It was time yesterday. [37], In Lithuanian, besides Baltarusija (White Russia), Belarus is also called Gudija. [191] Corrupt practices such as bribery often took place during tender processes, and whistleblower protection and national ombudsman are lacking in Belarus's anti-corruption system. [70], The western part of modern Belarus remained part of the Second Polish Republic. Two suspects, who were arrested within two days, confessed to being the perpetrators and were executed by shooting in 2012. Lukashenko was officially re-elected in 2001, in 2006, in 2010, in 2015 and again in 2020, although none of those elections were considered free or fair nor democratic.[91][92][93][94][95][96][97][98][99][100]. In 1863, economic and cultural pressure exploded in a revolt, led by Konstanty Kalinowski (also known as Kastus). Please try to keep recent events in historical perspective and add more content related to non-recent events. China is one of the few remaining Communist countries. The experts also received reports of violence against women and children, including sexual abuse and rape with rubber batons. Russia agrees to sell Belarus gas at 60% below the price charged to other European countries, . The red-green flag, which has an embroidered pattern along one side, was introduced in 1951, when Belarus won a seat at the UN despite still being part of the Soviet Union. [260], By the 16th century, Polotsk resident Francysk Skaryna translated the Bible into Belarusian. [234], On 23 May 2011, the ruble depreciated 56% against the United States dollar. . [87][88], In March 1990, elections for seats in the Supreme Soviet of the Byelorussian SSR took place. In the 1990s some raised the estimate even higher, to 2.7 million. ", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Belarus&oldid=1141790380. [112][113][114][115] The European Union, Canada, the United Kingdom and the United States have all imposed sanctions against Belarus because of the rigged election and political oppression during the ongoing protests in the country. Belarus rarely receives much media attention in the West, but it has long been subjected to political interference from its neighbors, the USA, and the European Union. In January 1919 a part of Belarus under Bolshevik Russian control was declared the Socialist Soviet Republic of Byelorussia (SSRB) for just two months, but then merged with the Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (LSSR) to form the Socialist Soviet Republic of Lithuania and Belorussia (SSR LiB), which lost control of its territories by August. The Zarubintsy culture later became widespread at the beginning of the 1st millennium. [166][167] Diplomatic relations remained tense, and in 2004, the United States passed the Belarus Democracy Act, which authorized funding for anti-government Belarusian NGOs, and prohibited loans to the Belarusian government, except for humanitarian purposes. Also, the Belarusian Byzantine Catholic Church was formed by the Poles in order to bring Orthodox Christians into the See of Rome. [170] Belarus also has strong ties with Syria,[171] considered a key partner in the Middle East. [120] Norway and Japan have joined the sanctions regime which aims to isolate Belarus from the international supply chain. Around the 5th century, the area was taken over by the Slavs. [264], Music in Belarus largely comprises a rich tradition of folk and religious music. Vigorous postwar reconstruction promptly followed the end of the war and the Byelorussian SSR became a major center of manufacturing in the western USSR, creating jobs and attracting ethnic Russians. The main trading partners are Russia, which accounts for about 45% of Belarusian exports and 55% of imports, and the EU countries, which account for 25% of exports and 20% of imports. The Neman flows westward towards the Baltic sea and the Pripyat flows eastward to the Dnieper; the Dnieper flows southward towards the Black Sea. -0.31 -0.32%. [84] In 1986, the Byelorussian SSR was contaminated with most (70%) of the nuclear fallout from the explosion at the Chernobyl power plant located 16km beyond the border in the neighboring Ukrainian SSR. The depreciation was even steeper on the black market and financial collapse seemed imminent as citizens rushed to exchange their rubles for dollars, euros, durable goods, and canned goods. As an OSCE member state, Belarus's international commitments are subject to monitoring under the mandate of the U.S. Helsinki Commission. [197] In July 2021, Belarusian authorities launched a hybrid warfare by human trafficking of migrants to the European Union. Belarusian language was banned in schools while in neighboring Samogitia primary school education with Samogitian literacy was allowed. [246] Over 99% of Belarusians aged 15 and older are literate. The Belarusian Constitution forbids the use of special extrajudicial courts. ", "Snapshot of the Belarus Country Profile", "UN human rights experts: Belarus must stop torturing protesters and prevent enforced disappearances", "Lukashenko blames Americans and drunks for Belarus protests", "EU imposes sanctions on Belarusian economy", "Belarus dictator threatens to 'flood EU with drugs and migrants', "Belarus dictator weaponizes illegal migrants against EU", "In Lithuania, Migrants Find Themselves Caught in a Geopolitical Battle", "Baltarusijos pareignai su skydais blokuoja migrant grinim: kadrai i pasienio", "Poland accuses Belarus of sending migrants over border as "living weapons" in "hybrid war", "Poland Says Belarus Is Letting Migrants Cross Border In 'Hybrid War' With EU", "Lukaenkos kerto akcija pasiek ir Latvij: i savait rykus nelegali migrant skaiiaus uolis", "US, EU, UK and Canada Announce New Belarus Sanctions", "SectionI: Principles of the Constitutional System. [199] In August 2021, Belarusian officials, wearing uniforms, riot shields and helmets, were recorded on camera near the BelarusLithuania border pushing and urging the migrants to cross the European Union border. For the past few years, the Hungarian government under authoritarian Prime Minister Viktor Orbn has overtly courted the American right, wooing the kinds of anti-democratic forces buoying former. At the end of the 19th century, major Belarusian cities formed their own opera and ballet companies. Gordon, Raymond G., Jr. [193] At least three detainees suffered injuries indicative of sexual violence in Okrestino prison in Minsk or on the way there. Local government in Belarus is administered by administrative-territorial units (Belarusian: - ; Russian: - ), and occurs on two levels: basic and primary. [186] The Belarusian government is also criticized for human rights violations and its persecution of non-governmental organisations, independent journalists, national minorities, and opposition politicians. [196] In May 2021, Lukashenko threatened that he will flood the European Union with migrants and drugs as a response to the sanctions. [140] The members of this council need not be members of the legislature and are appointed by the president. . [139], The government includes a Council of Ministers, headed by the prime minister and five deputy prime ministers. [44] The Battle on the Nemiga River in 1067 was one of the more notable events of the period, the date of which is considered the founding date of Minsk. A panel of US lawmakers tasked with scrutinizing Beijing held a debut hearing Tuesday overshadowed by protests from the public gallery as it focused on the "existential" threat of the ruling Chinese Communist Party.Committee chairman Mike Gallagher gave a sweeping introduction outlining "The Chinese Communist Party's Threat to America" -- the title of the hearing -- aided by a multimedia . At first, a policy of "Belarusianization" was followed in the newly formed Byelorussian SSR. The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) ruled that the elections were unfair because opposition candidates were arbitrarily denied registration and the election process was designed to favor the ruling party. The Soviet Union by 1948 had installed communist-leaning governments in Eastern European countries that the USSR had liberated from Nazi control during the war. [258] The government's Ministry of Culture finances events promoting Belarusian arts and culture both inside and outside the country. The first one was the 2004 RussiaBelarus energy dispute when Russian energy giant Gazprom ceased the import of gas into Belarus because of price disagreements. Sudovia, in its turn, is one of the names of the Yotvingians. Occupied by Nazi Germany, Belarus was retaken by Stalin's Russia in 1944 and remained under Soviet control until declaring its sovereignty on July 27, 1990 and independence from the Soviet Union on August 25, 1991. The Statutes were initially issued in the Ruthenian language alone and later also in Polish. [106] Neighbouring countries Poland and Lithuania do not recognize Lukashenko as the legitimate president of Belarus and the Lithuanian government has allotted a residence for main opposition candidate Sviatlana Tsikhanouskaya and other members of the Belarusian opposition in Vilnius. The present borders of Belarus were established during the turmoil of the World War Two. [48] During this time, the duchy was involved in several military campaigns, including fighting on the side of Poland against the Teutonic Knights at the Battle of Grunwald in 1410; the joint victory allowed the duchy to control the northwestern borderlands of Eastern Europe. After the war, it was estimated that 2.2 million local inhabitants had died and of those some 810,000 were combatantssome foreign. . .., 1939.80 . i . [230] Belarus applied to become a member of the World Trade Organization in 1993. [253] The Lipka Tatars, numbering over 15,000, are predominantly Muslims. [187][188] Similar regulations were introduced for the forestry industry in 2012. [61], During the negotiations of the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, Belarus first declared independence under German occupation on 25 March 1918, forming the Belarusian People's Republic. Pay Up. [175] However, Belarus suspended its participation in the Eastern Partnership program on 28 June 2021, after the EU imposed more sanctions against the country. It's just that, IMO, the data from the whole post-communist region show that the countries that adopted shock therapy fully actually ended [220][221] Important agricultural products include potatoes and cattle byproducts, including meat. Angela Davis, 79, was . [204], Belarus is divided into six regions called oblasts (Belarusian: ; Russian: ), which are named after the cities that serve as their administrative centers: Brest, Gomel, Grodno, Mogilev, Minsk, and Vitebsk. In all three countries, the share of the population that identifies with Orthodox Christianity is up significantly since the collapse of the Soviet Union. The choice of name was probably based on the fact that core members of the newly formed government were educated in tsarist universities, with corresponding emphasis on the ideology of West-Russianism. There were 679,000 unemployed Belarusians, two-thirds of whom were women. [256] Belarusian, although not as widely used as Russian, is the mother tongue of 53.2% of the population, whereas Russian is the mother tongue of only 41.5%.[255]. Among the parties supportive of Lukashenko are the Communist Party of Belarus (KPB), a successor of the monolithic ruling Communist Party of the Soviet era; the Liberal Democratic Party of Belarus; and the Agrarian Party. Now the country's pro-democracy leaders are. [107][108][109][110][111] Neither is Lukashenko recognized as the legitimate president of Belarus by the European Union, Canada, the United Kingdom nor the United States. THE DECISION by Alexander Lukashenko, the president of Belarus, to force a passenger flight from Greece to Lithuania to land in Minsk, his country's capital, in order to arrest a journalist on. [57], Under Nicholas I and Alexander III the national cultures were repressed. KHATYN, Belarus Even by Soviet standards, the massive memorial complex near Minsk to the victims of Nazi atrocities stands out for its immense scale and ambition.Spread across half a million . [citation needed]. [57], Joseph Stalin implemented a policy of Sovietization to isolate the Byelorussian SSR from Western influences. Belarus offers a distinct case of post-communist development, remaining Eastern Europe's most authoritarian state to this day. ( ).-, 1940. In 2007, Belarus's population declined by 0.41% and its fertility rate was 1.22,[246] well below the replacement rate. [276], Belarus has four UNESCO-designated World Heritage Sites: the Mir Castle Complex, the Nesvizh Castle, the Belovezhskaya Pushcha (shared with Poland), and the Struve Geodetic Arc (shared with nine other countries). Belarusian literature[259] began with 11th- to 13th-century religious scripture, such as the 12th-century poetry of Cyril of Turaw. [266] The National Academic Theatre of Ballet in Minsk was awarded the Benois de la Dance Prize in 1996 as the top ballet company in the world. The Head of State is the President of the Republic of Belarus. [265][bettersourceneeded], After the Second World War, music focused on the hardships of the Belarusian people or on those who took up arms in defense of the homeland. Is Belarus in the EU? Beijing's economic plan has implications beyond business and trade, according to Harley Seyedin, president of the American Chamber of Commerce in South China. [101][102] Lukashenko announced a new law in 2014 that will prohibit kolkhoz workers (around 9% of total work force) from leaving their jobs at willa change of job and living location will require permission from governors. "We wish you success . [255] Minorities also speak Polish, Ukrainian and Eastern Yiddish. The games will feature 57 medal events in ten sports. Belarus is a presidential republic. Xi, C hina's most powerful figure in decades, has no formal role in the National People's Congress, which will convene a meeting of its . [177], Most of Belarus's service members are conscripts, who serve for 12 months if they have higher education or 18 months if they do not. While Russia is no longer communist, its president, Vladimir Putin, considers the fall of the Soviet Union the "greatest geopolitical catastrophe of the 20th century" and is currently (as of. However, the future of the union has been placed in doubt because of Belarus's repeated delays of monetary union, the lack of a referendum date for the draft constitution, and a dispute over the petroleum trade. [129] The United Nations and other agencies have aimed to reduce the level of radiation in affected areas, especially through the use of caesium binders and rapeseed cultivation, which are meant to decrease soil levels of caesium-137. [252], Belarus was once a major center of European Jews, with 10% of the population being Jewish. [128] The country is in the transitional zone between continental climates and maritime climates. During that time, 209 out of 290 towns and cities were destroyed, 85% of the republic's industry, and more than one million buildings. [205], Belarus's two official languages are Russian and Belarusian;[254] Russian is the most common language spoken at home, used by 70% of the population, while Belarusian, the official first language, is spoken at home by 23%. The law was compared with serfdom by Lukashenko himself. [243] Minsk, the nation's capital and largest city, was home to 1,937,900 residents in 2015[update]. 449474, This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 20:35. [212] In October 1995, a presidential decree abolished the local governments of cities of raion subordination and urban-type settlements which served as the administrative center of raions, demoting them from administrative-territorial units to territorial units. From manipulated elections, to a centrally planned economy, [41] The region was first permanently settled by Baltic tribes in the 3rd century. According to Article 16 of the Constitution, Belarus has no official religion. so the map above is more of a modern representation of the countries that formerly made up East Europe. Geopolitically, Belarus. As of March 2022, countries or regions subject to U.S. sanctions (either unilaterally or in part) include Afghanistan, the Balkans, Belarus, Burma, Central African Republic, Cuba, Democratic. Around 1840 the Statutes were banned by the Russian tsar following the November Uprising. "About the Origins of the Names of White and Black Ruthenia"), (Joseph Juho), 1956. [246], According to the census of November 2011, 58.9% of all Belarusians adhered to some kind of religion; out of those, Eastern Orthodoxy made up about 82%: Eastern Orthodox in Belarus are mainly part of the Belarusian Exarchate of the Russian Orthodox Church, though a small Belarusian Autocephalous Orthodox Church also exists. Tensions between NATO and Belarus peaked after the March 2006 presidential election in Belarus. [17][82][83] The population of Belarus did not regain its pre-war level until 1971. Belarus was part of the Soviet Union and became an independent country in 1991, after the USSR collapsed. Until it became independent in 1991, Belarus, formerly known as Belorussia or White Russia, was the smallest of the three Slavic republics included in the Soviet Union (the larger two being Russia and Ukraine). The takeover was partially due to the lack of military coordination of the Balts, but their gradual assimilation into Slavic culture was peaceful in nature. [214], Belarus is a developing country. [51] This union set in motion the developments that eventually resulted in the formation of the PolishLithuanian Commonwealth, created in 1569 by the Union of Lublin. A well-known journalist in Belarus and a long-time correspondent for Poland's Gazeta Wyborcza newspaper, 49-year-old Poczobut was also an activist for the Union of Poles in Belarus (ZPB), a Polish minority organisation that has been delegalised by the Belarusian authorities. While the freedom of worship is granted in the same article, religious organizations deemed harmful to the government or social order can be prohibited. The title, "Socialism Is the Best Prophylaxis," comes from a statement made by Dr. Maxim Zetkin (1883-1965), the son of the communist and international women's rights activist Clara Zetkin . In 1939, Nazi Germany and the Soviet Union invaded and occupied Poland, marking the beginning of World War II. [126], The highest point is Dzyarzhynskaya Hara (Dzyarzhynsk Hill) at 345 metres (1,132ft), and the lowest point is on the Neman River at 90m (295ft). Belarus, by constitution, is a presidential republic with separation of powers, governed by a president and the National Assembly. However, its 60th place ranking in the United Nations' Human Development Index places it in the category of states with; "very high" human development. Except for China, the numbers for most comrades are weak in GDP as well as human development see Belarus, North Korea, Cuba, Vietnam, Laos, and Venezuela. [157], In the 2020 presidential election, Lukashenko won again with official results giving him 80% of the vote, leading to mass protests. It existed from only 1918 to 1919 but created prerequisites for the formation of a Belarusian state. This led to a proposal that the Belarusian ruble be discontinued in favor of the Russian ruble (RUB), starting as early as 1 January 2008. 275-316) The Romanian Patronal System of Public Corruption (pp. [139] The armed forces were formed in 1992 using parts of the former Soviet Armed Forces on the new republic's territory. [121] It is landlocked, relatively flat, and contains large tracts of marshy land. [73][74] Nonetheless, compared to the (larger) Ukrainian minority, Belarusians were much less politically aware and active, and thus suffered fewer repressions than the Ukrainians. MOSCOW Not so long ago, the image of Belarus was of a peaceful, if tightly controlled, former Soviet republic, squeezed between Poland and Russia. [46] Trying to avoid the Tatar Yoke, the Principality of Minsk sought protection from Lithuanian princes further north and in 1242, the Principality of Minsk became a part of the expanding Grand Duchy of Lithuania. People with old Belarusian national flags shout during an opposition rally in August in Minsk, Belarus. [190], The judicial system in Belarus lacks independence and is subject to political interference. [154] Many of the candidates, including Sannikov, were sentenced to prison or house arrest for terms which are mainly and typically over four years. [155][156] Six months later amid an unprecedented economic crisis, activists utilized social networking to initiate a fresh round of protests characterized by wordless hand-clapping. 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