Your email address will not be published. Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria. $4%&'()*56789:CDEFGHIJSTUVWXYZcdefghijstuvwxyz ? 7 Topics Revenue Allocation in Nigeria | Week 9. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. For instance, such noun phrases like: nationality, nation, citizenship, identity, ethnicity, ethnic group, indigene, state of origin, etc, are inherently conflict laden, with abundant intellectual understandings. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. More importantly, certain heavy but blurred (or fluid) terminologies that define or designate Nigerias federal principle, which are highly pertinent to coexistence, have yet compounded the theoretical and practical significance of federalism in Nigeria. Defence, Security, Economy and Development, Chigozirim Odinkalu, Ebenebe Ernest Onyeka, Journal of Ethnic and Cultural Studies (eJECS), International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS), Glocalism: Journal of Culture, Politics and Innovation, African Journal of Governance and Development, Calabar Journal of Politics and Administration. Federalism can be defined as a system of government in which political powers of the state are shared between the central government and other component units. Here, both the majority and minority are represented in the government. The fear of marginalization by the minority in a unitary system of government has, to a great extent, influenced the majority state support for federating states. Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. This is why there is a clamoring for restructuring and true federalism in Nigeria. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. In Nigeria, it could be argued that our federal system of government is the creation of British colonialism. Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. What a nice and educating document!We are grateful for this post. If the desire to remain separate does not exist, the the association will not be federal but unitary with some delegation of powers to local government. welcome, and thanks for reading us. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ What a nice article, very educative for students in school, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Could you please explain fear of minorities, Economic factors and Diversities in culture. ICT services have help in the improvement of the markets, reduction in transaction costs and increase . /F4 15 0 R This prototype edition of the daily Federal Register on FederalRegister.gov will remain an unofficial informational resource until the Administrative Committee of the Federal Register (ACFR) issues a regulation granting it official legal status. The disadvantages are that it can set off a race to the bottom among states, cause cross-state economic and social disparities, and obstruct federal efforts . The possible reasons for the practice of federalism in Nigeria are several, and have, for instance, been presented as British imposition targeted at a post-colonial relationship, or as a. Federalism therefore involves the linkage of individuals, groups and policies in lasting but limited union in such a way as to provide for the energetic pursuit of common goals while maintaining the respective integrities of all parties. The paper suggested that fiscal and political restructuring as panacea for the instituted conflicts and underdevelopment caused by quasi federalism through ongoing review of the 1999 constitution. By way of conclusion, it is imperative to know that the reason why Nigeria is still practicing federalism today is because the system seems to be suitable for our political value and culture. As at the time of independence, the population of Nigeria was estimated at 45.21 million. Federal System of Government/Federalism | Week 8. The paper begins by placing the question in an historical context examines its different phases and characters. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. In light of this, a constitution is said to be federal when its operates two levels of government, that is the federal and state, and each of this level exercise its different powers without interference by the other level. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. This has led to a deep sense of alienation and politics of ethnic identity. But nigeria today became the proudable and bearable country, /MediaBox [0 0 612 792] Federalism as said earlier decentralizes power. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. So for effective governance of a country of this big size, federalism has to be adopted. /Subtype /Image Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. Payment Details. federalism, a heavily coercive effort by a nondemocratic centralizing power to put together a multinational state, some of the components of which had previously been independent states. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. This helped to solve the problem of marginalization in the leadership. Keywords: Federalism, Nigeria, ethnic groups, federal character principle . Federalism in Nigeria can be traced to Sir Frederick Lord Lugard , when the Northern and Southern protectorates were amalgamated in 1914. It is also an undisputed fact that the Hausas and Yorubas fought Biafra to keep the unity of Nigeria. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria Charas Madu Tella, Ahmed Wali Doho, Aliyu Bapeto Abstract Federalism is a political philosophy in which members of a group are. Nigeria, a previously unitary state, became a federation in 1954. 4 Topics . There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. All these strengthen political bonds and gave Rice to unity in diversity. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. It argues that although deficient in popular sovereignty, the Constitutions legitimacy is moot since it is the operative law that governs the country. was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of . Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). The logic for this call, nay, agitation for self-determination by this group is not faulty in itself except that the laws of the land; Nigeria 1999 Constitution (as amended) does not guarantee self-determination or secession by any group of the Nigerian political environment. Differences between 1960 and 1963 constitution of Nigeria, Differences Between First, Second and Third Degree Murder, Best Lawyers In The World (With Pictures): Top 10 Most Popular, Factors that Limits Independence of the Judiciary in Nigeria, Statute of Fraud: Contracts Required to be in Writing, Advantages And Disadvantages Of a Limited Liability Company (LLC), Richest Christian Musicians In The World: Top 10 Wealthiest, Countries With The Highest Minimum Wage 2022: Top 13, Best Handworks/Skills To Learn In Nigeria 2023: Top 12 Most Lucrative, Richest Engineers In Nigeria 2022: Top 10 Highest Paid, Cheapest Places to Live in the United Kingdom 2022: 12 Most Affordable, Cheapest Places/Cities To Live In Nigeria 2022. Such an act has constituted to one of the major problems of federalism thereby militating against the development of the nation. The Legacy of Biafra: An Investigation into trauma as National Identity Fragmentation, Under Reconstruction: Ethnicity, Ethnic Nationalism, and the Future of the Nigerian State, ETHNIC SCHISM IN NIGERIA: A SOCIO-LITERAY STUDY OF CHINUA ACHEBE'S THERE WAS COUNTRY. /F3 12 0 R FRED EKPE F. AYOKHAI, Peter W I L F R E D Naankiel, This study, using content analysis, examined the impact of fiscal federalism and the struggles of ethnic minority groups in the Niger Delta on the trajectories of the national question in Nigeria. In examining post-independence constitution-making in Nigeria, this chapter finds that military rule blighted Nigerias capacity to respond appropriately to the challenges of federalism. Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. i dont have my first school leaving certificate. Emphasis on indigeneity, the federal revenue allocation formula and the increasing formalization of the 'federal character' principle, to mention only a few issues, increase sources of tensions and potential conflicts. +rohyC ! 9S ) ?roh _ O4C sR & Pf?? AK kyC?& Pf;_Hu j_ G$: 5/ Indeed, whatever scholarly connotations they bear, one strongly believes that they all enjoy one clear focus. For citation see: http://www.cejiss.org/issue-detail/biafra-s-resurgence-state-failure-insecurity-and-separatist-agitations-in-nigeria. Required fields are marked *. For a better explanation of the theory of federalism, I highly recommend that you watch the video below. Best information base for latest information both national and international. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria include: 1. It should be noted that the Federal Military Government had earlier by fiat taken proceeds from offshore prospecting and drilling activities directly under federal eminent domain. Moreover, it is important to note that most of the ethnic groups in Nigeria had strong political inter-group relationship before colonial rule. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. Despite the profound and lengthy discussions that have taken place on the subject for about four and half decades, consensus has not been reached concerning the optimal formula to adopt to achieve desired economic development . /Type /XObject This is also one of the reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria. June 1,2022 This regional arrangement gave rise to ethnic sentiment and political struggle for the center among the three major ethnic groups in Nigeria. 6 0 obj I have said that Nigeria is reputed to be the largest black country around, even Nigeria has claimed to be the giant of Africa by . stream The Emergence of Nigeria as a political entity under colonial rule was not an easy affair. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Consequently, the economic condition was one of the reasons that led to the adoption of federal systems of government in both Nigeria and South Africa. The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Trouble for INEC staff who violated Electoral Act during presidential polls as c 53 things to do with your boyfriend: fun ways to spend time together, Presidential election: Jack-Rich salutes Tinubu, Shettima over victory, Maritime workers hail Supreme Court over old naira notes, says cargo can now leave ports, Dating apps in Nigeria: best applications to help you find the one. In the same way, the political culture of the United States is civic, republican and participatory. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. examines the question on why federalism has not succeeded in managing and accommodating diversity in Nigeria. INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Manages And Maintains And Secures Nigeria. There must exist supremacy of the constitution, which implies that laws passed by the authority in the federal arrangement, if contrary to the constitution shall be declared to be ultra votes. Brad Simpson (2014) The Biafran secession and the limits of self-determination, Journal of Genocide Research, 16:2-3, 337-354, WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, LAST TRAIN TO BIAFRA - Memories of a Biafran Child: A Personal Family Experience, Fiscal Federalism, Ethnic Minorities and the National Question in Nigeria: Revisiting the Case of the Niger Delta People, WARN POLICY BRIEF WARN POLICY BRIEF THE NIGERIA STATE AND THE BIAFRA QUESTION: THREATS TO OR OPPORTUNITIES FOR NATIONAL COHESION, Biafra Resurgence: State Failure, Insecurity and Separatist Agitations in Nigeria, Biafra Separatism: Causes, Consequences and Remedies, The Nigerian State and the Quest for Restructuring: Implications for Democratic Consolidation, THE DISINTEGRATION OF YUGOSLAVIA: A LESSON FOR NIGERIA, MASSOB AND IPOB SELF DETERMINATION AND THE NIGERIA STATE, Ndi Igbo, Leadership, Nationhood, the Nigerian Dilemma and Why We Are All Biafrans, Death of a nation - Biafra and the Nigerian question.pdf, Exploring the Dimensions of Secessionist Agitations: Security Threats and Implications for Nigeria 1966-2016, REVISITING THE NIGERIA-BIAFRA WAR: THE INTANGIBLES OF POST- WAR RECONCILIATION, The Ambiguity of Constitutional Silence on State Secession in Nigeria: Looking Beyond Politics of Compassion and Prejudice, West Africa Insight Secessionist Movement ENGLISH Version, Situation Analysis on Public Safety and Security Governorship Election in Anambra State, IGBOS, A PEOPLE THRIVING AMIDST ADVERSITY: WHO ARE THE IGBOS, Pro-Biafran Activists and the call for a Referendum: A Sentiment Analysis of 'Biafraexit' on Twitter after UK's vote to leave the European Union, NIGERIA: WHAT IS TO BE DONE? ), Constitutionalism, Constitution Making and Constitutional Reform in Africa: Contemporary Perspectives from Sub-Saharan Africa, Chapter IX: The politics and policies of oil deregulation in Nigeria: Implications and policy suggestions. Federalism, State creation and National Integration State creation like federal character, quota system, etc. 2012, Issues and Trends in Nigeria's Development. << Voter Turnout, Voting Behavior and Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria By Professor Sakah Saidu Mahmud Kwara State University, Malete 1. Federalism shares power between the central and regional governments; thus promoting efficiency in service delivery and governance. What are the reasons Nigeria adopted the Federalism system of government in Nigeria? . Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Excellent, thanks a lot f The federal government however has occupied a very strong position vis--vis the State and Local government since the 1970's in Nigeria. It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. @VF:8=|@5&/1df gbjtCoy(L5A,JCI1/'5DT8`A!UY*&wTN5[v;KXvH* 5:>}W^Bp_ ;R!&L %s\q'(], At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. This has nexus with the particular sharing formula adopted. Federalism is a mixed form of government where there is a general government always known as the central or federal government and regional governments which could be provincial or states governments. REASONS FOR ADOPTION OF FEDERALISM According to IDEA (2015:3), federalism is adoption for the following reasons: Scale: This credited the operation of federalism to the adoption of democracy which allowed for citizens to participate directly in political life. Also, the adoption of the Littleton constitution of 1954 laid further credence to . There is no doubt that geographical factored are one of the influential reasons for federalism in Nigeria. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. This notwithstanding, the concept of federalism boasts of a very popular definition by an American scholar, K.C. Population of the country Very often, the problem has appeared in twofold. In 1963 Midwestern region was created and Nigeria became a nation of four regions. Resource control: 3.7 7. Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review (Nigerian Chapter), Abstract: The Nigeria civil war (1967-1970) provoked by declaration of Biafra republic had indelible imprint on Nigeria state.