The argument goes that Nazi Germany represented the logical progression of a godless world. In the 1800s, European nations acquired great wealth and power from both the natural resources of the lands they conquered and the forced labor of the It was called by Otto von Bismarck, then chancellor of Germany, and was attended by 15 nations. Doesnt society have a responsibility to provide for them? One of the first free market books I read, back in the early 1960s, was William Graham Sumners What Social Classes Owe Each Other. developments in human. Ill try to show that this isnt what he says. social darwinism was used to justify Imperialism because social darwinism was the idea that the stronger race would survive and the weaker would Hannah Arendt, for example, examined the historical progression from social Darwinist ethics to racist ideology. All such ideas have one fundamental flaw: They use a purely scientific theory for a completely unscientific purpose. considers modern genetic research in the same It is labor accumulated, multiplied into itselfraised to a higher power, as the mathematicians say. Web- Imperialism was also tied into social Darwinism or the idea that individuals, groups, and peoples are subject to the same laws of natural selection. )))4So>~+VR[J92TjNWTi{3ZHm(6'R1bjY x,j^c Jl\R/ekYM %V?b'x1~gA[-3cmQC*OP1d$Hq. Ruthless Capitalism Hitlers Illnesses: Was the Fhrer a Drug Addict? In May 1941, the tank general Erich Hoepner explained the wars meaning to his troops: The war against Russia is an essential chapter in the German peoples battle for survival. Explore resources that meet the California HistorySocial Science Framework standards. As stated in the article by M. O 'Malley & F. L. The most infamous result of this was the Holocaust, 1 but social Darwinism was also a major influence in the events leading up to World War One. WebSocial Darwinism Charles Darwin developed his Theory of Evolution during the mid-19th century as a way of understanding how different species changed over vast timespans. The only way in which the world has been able to endure the horrible tale is by deliberately stopping its ears and changing the subject of conversation while the deviltry went on. We cannot now stir a step in our life without capital. 'jqc-9^11n56(>njqoDN V`Cn!vZn^~u; X?X O:"KGd5/JskU&*AL W[` (|^mCcpws{8Ul,'I$S`^K!VzZ $xLT*A[|\~ {4 $n.K-jX.";N&h|T|9(|x;{"/KS,_ALM>6M(J|z;4s-6Hi$Nka",f(JR_,Q8trA)pNv]=~=^h= (=l lm3ns~ zN'DHP^lm4nOR,mNP[Tz(_6JOl~'NL sj*iAu@S)>%efMTHXq5)~0j|0n?vY0EwcJ$hnn*XaVl#"P2}g>?7`u>L Although Spencer was responsible for much of the foundational discourse of Social Darwinism, Darwin did say that human progress was driven by evolutionary processes that human intelligence was refined by competition. Web- there are amusing sidelights to this social darwinism; Charles Kellogg was a social darwinist and a zealot for moral purity. Often times the words social construct is thrown around in discussion and work without being defined or understood. These simple steps can be, You don 't fight racism with racism, the best way to fight racism is with solidarity., Reading resistance literature need an open mind. By 1914, these imperial powers had fully colonized the continent, exploiting its people and resources. However, the attempt of land redistribution never met fully with congress and was removed during, Charles Darwins theory of evolution i.e. The slavery of the African people is an example of when people undermined a group of people based on their race, and ended with dire consequences. If they could be restored they would bring back personal caprice, favoritism, sycophancy, and intrigue. by, as he put it, getting rid of its "undesirables" Its from his answer to this question that Sumners reputation for social Darwinism arises. One such distortion and misuse is the loose collection of ideologies grouped under the label of "Social Darwinism." Historically, some have transplanted Darwins ideas uneasily and imperfectly onto social analysis. Will the American Economy Survive in 2018? The capital which, as we have seen, is the condition of all welfare on earth, the fortification of existence, and the means of growth, is an object of cupidity. New York, NY 10024-5102Phone: 212-769-5100. To the contrary, he gives a forceful and effective defense of the free market, along lines that will be familiar to readers of Mises and Rothbard. This gave rise to belief that there was a hierarchy of races and that the Europeans were at the top of the hierarchy. The idea is that the evolutionary processes in natural history have parallels in social history, that their same rules apply. Yes, this is true. Social darwinism did lead to terrible things. But the concept behind it is, indeed, conceptually right, even if it led to many, many deaths by those warping it to their own ways, such as Hitler, or certain politicians. My opponent also states it is "ruthless, loveless and selfish. The Color Line began to pay dividends. What does he mean by invest? They have the duty to civilize the inferior races. Facial coverings are strongly recommended. According to his theory of evolution, only the plants and animals best adapted to their environment survive to reproduce and transfer their genes to the next generation. History Hit brings you the stories that shaped the world through our award winning podcast network and an online history channel. Contributions are tax-deductible to the full extent the law allows. Students deepen their thinking about memory and identity by reflecting on the stories of Holocaust and Armenian Genocide survivors and their descendants. and has often been used as a general term for Throughout the history of mankind, power has always been exercised on people as a way to suppress civil disobedience. What motivated European nations to colonize Africa and Asia in the 1800s? This theory was adapted by Herbert Spencer and resulted in the ideology that is known today as Social Darwinism. . Thomas Edison failed thousands of times trying to create the modern day light bulb. ? Tu ne cede malis,sed contra audentior ito, Website powered by Mises Institute donors, Mises Institute is a tax-exempt 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization. Web- there are amusing sidelights to this social darwinism; Charles Kellogg was a social darwinist and a zealot for moral purity. Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is entirely focused on an explanation of life's biological diversity. eleven million of them being jewish people. It led to the involuntary euthanasia killing of hundreds of thousands of mentally ill, elderly and disabled people. 3. Eleven days earlier, three Germans left Zanzibar (whither they had gone secretly disguised as mechanics), and before the Berlin Conference had finished its deliberations they had annexed to Germany an area over half as large again as the whole German Empire in Europe. . Darwin did not address human evolution in his most famous study, On the Origin of Species (1859), which focused on the evolution of plants and animals. Humanity will progress if the fittest, that is, the strongest, win out, and the weak are left to fall by the wayside. In response, the anti-Defamation League has said: Using the Holocaust in order to tarnish those who promote the theory of evolution is outrageous and trivialises the complex factors that led to the mass extermination of European Jewry. A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including Social Darwinism, nationalism, the concept of the civilizing mission, and the desire to religiously convert indigenous populations.. What are the 4 motives of imperialism? )! In doing so they misrepresent and misappropriate Darwin's original ideas. This view fed into a worldview shaped also by a fear of communism and a relentless demand for Lebensraum. WebAccording to the principle of Social Darwinism, only the strongest states would survive. Often called Social Darwinism, the concept was widely accepted during the time of World War I. But the Congo Free State, with all its magniloquent heralding of Peace, Christianity, and Commerce, degenerating into murder, mutilation, and downright robbery, differed only in degree and concentration from the tale of all Africa in this rape of the continent already furiously mangled by the slave trade. Drawing on social It is the old struggle between the Germanic peoples and the Slavs, the defence of European culture against muscovite-Asiatic invasion, the defence against Jewish communism. It It was openly embraced as promoting the notion that the strongest should naturally prevail, and was a key feature of Nazi propaganda films, some which illustrated it with scenes of beetles fighting each other. I believe that understanding what is meant by race in terms of it being a social construct is vital to realizing the capacity race has to affect other parts of society and life in, The dystopian novel Anthem by Ayn Rand takes place in a totalitarian world of the future and focuses on the primitive society that Equality 7-2521 lives in. U8[Sb\%9^} QTZ~w1,h)#Z`_0=2Hs5Z. Sumners key point is not that people struggle with each other, but rather that people need to provide for themselves in order to live. If eugenics were applied, the world could potentially see a decrease in disease, a rise in intelligence, and heightened physical aesthetic in humans. %PDF-1.6 % Its from his answer to this question that Sumners reputation for social Darwinism arises. In the Middle Ages men were united by custom and prescription into associations, ranks, guilds, and communities of various kinds. Gordon, Rockwell, and Salerno interview Ralph Raico. FRz<6lxRLi]Bb`n%h.X16K]9~O(+"_FCdW2zv A range of cultural, religious, and racial ideologies were used to justify imperialism, including Social Darwin's theory of evolution by natural selection is entirely focused on an explanation of life's biological diversity. This imperialist mood was directly influenced by 4 0 obj It is influenced by the society but it is determined by a single individual. Materials were a cause as countries wanted to depend on themselves for raw materials. bJ GJ/FjC#UWMvS {srpuhA@3TpoPJPj ==Sj-3Lj)LzsRaVZWrIFe5vp. At the Congress of Berlin in 1884, 15 European powers divided Africa among them. QZdO3.6525)3b9dMo{ Never did Darwin suggest that this was meant to apply to humans and their societies, cultures and races. The methods by which this continent has been stolen have been contemptible and dishonest beyond expression. What he emphasizes is that it should be up to each productive individual to decide how much to aid other people. . Social Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better. Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half. Eugenics became a popular social movement in America, peaking in the 1920s and 1930s. . while multiplying its "desirables" -- that is, by In the decades leading up to World War One, intellectuals embraced Darwinism and its ethical implications as a welcome alternative to Christian belief and ethics. And, is power about formal political institutions or does it reside somewhere else? We must say openly that indeed the higher races have a right over the lower races. This was the only thing which moved, for the lips of the oldest did not move as they said: Street Sweeper.(1.29). WebHow did ideologies contributed to the development of imperialism? WebSocial Darwinism Based on Charles Darwins ideas on evolution Believed powerful social groups were genetically superior Saw colonized people as inferior and in need of colonial protection Rejected all types of social support for weaker social groups as So, social Darwinism had a remarkable impact on the pace of European imperialism. ng nhp bng google. The book originally appeared in 1883. survival of the fittest and the process of natural selection, was written in 1859 and was a theory based on the behaviour of animals. WebSocial Darwinists believe in survival of the fittestthe idea that certain people become powerful in society because they are innately better.Social Darwinism has been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and social inequality at various times over the past century and a half. In our modern state, and in the United States more than anywhere else, the social structure is based on contract, and status is of the least importance. It implied that certain races were superior to others because of their technological advancements. These reasonsalong with other frequently mentioned contributing causes, such as the spirit of national and racial superiority and the drive for powerare still matters of controversy with respect to specific cases and to the problem of fitting them into a general theory of imperialism. Racism is something we've all witnessed.Its a big topic in our society now racism is affect a lot of people.They say two people can do the same crime at the sametime at the same place but get different time and be different color. This is the only way the standard of living of the average worker can in the long run be increased. Houston Stewart Chamberlain, who was born into a family of English military officers on September 9, 1855, became a widely recognized advocate of race inequality and Aryan superiority in his adopted country of Germany.In his writings he built his enthusiasm for German cultural and intellectual To those who followed Spencer and Malthus, Darwins theory appeared to confirm what they already believed to be true about human society with science. Germany needed to destroy the Soviet Union to gain land, eliminate Jewish-inspired communism, and would do so following the natural order. The reader does his or her best to understand things according to the view of the author and it is not easy for some people to agree with this point of view. Darwin believed that animal species was adapting and changing to environments in the process of evolution. They plundered laborers and merchants. Imperialism is the policy of expanding the rule of a nation or empire over foreign countries by force. WebSocial Darwinism Charles Darwin developed his Theory of Evolution during the mid-19th century as a way of understanding how different species changed over vast timespans. . encouraging the procreation of the social Darwinian WebEconomical, political, and social causes were the roots of imperialism. In it, he revealed that the Congress of Berlin was having an impact on Africa nearly two weeks before the first group of delegates arrived in Germany. . Xem thm: 2022 AP student samples and commentary AP world history: modern document based question, Copyright 2020 123DOC. In what sense was color prejudice an investment for imperialists? Of the infirm and incapacitated, Spencer once stated, It is better that they should die.. forgotten. Authors have a good chance and freedom to express themselves in different ways because of the open definition of resistance as if the definition of resistance literature is Specified this would limit the authors ability to, Darwinism And Charles Darwin's Theory Of Racism, Charles Darwin is one of the main contributors to racism through his theory of Evolution based on the notion of survival of the fittest through natural selection. Institutional racism is a kind of discrimination formed by society to target a specific race, compared to having an individuals personal racist belief. This caricature, Rhodes Colossus, depicts British imperialist Cecil Rhodes straddling the continent of Africa after announcing plans for a telegraph line from Cape Town to Cairo. By 1914, these imperial powers had fully colonized the continent, exploiting its people and resources. day, the science of genetics was not yet understood. Sumner does not object to helping others. He would have been dismayed to see the events of generations to come: his name attached to opposing ideologies from Marxism to unbridled capitalism, and to policies from ethnic cleansing to forced sterilization. Facing History and Ourselves, "'Expansion Was Everything'," last updated April 9, 2018. He passes by and is never noticed, because he has behaved himself, fulfilled his contracts, and asked for nothing.. Laurence Rees has spent twenty-five years meeting survivors and perpetrators of the Holocaust. It established a system of racial equality based on democracy. Those who supported imperialism believed that the places that were being colonized weren't as fit or as a strong as the imperial country was. any evolutionary argument about the biological Therefore, Social Darwinism was a contributing factor to aspects of European imperialism in Africa, such as: the Atlantic Slave Trade and the role of Belgian Agricultural Subsidies: Down on the D.C. Farm, Austrian Economics and the Financial Markets (2010), Austrian Economics and the Financial Markets (1999), Central Banking, Deposit Insurance, and Economic Decline, Choice in Currency: A Path to Sound Money, Depression, Monetary Destruction, and the Path to Sound Money, Despots Left and Right: The Tyrannies of Our Times, The Current Crisis: an Austrian Perspective, Strategies for Changing Minds Toward Liberty, The Coming Currency Crisis and the Downfall of the Dollar, Review of Austrian Economics, Volumes 1-10, History of the Austrian School of Economics. the class stratification of England, The thought of improving the human race by manipulating who is allowed to breed can either be appalling or compelling. Having a personal racist belief is centralized. In this podcast, he reveals to Dan what he has discovered and how it has led him to create the first accessible and authoritative account of the Holocaust in more than three decades. Timed-entry ticket reservations continue to be required for Museum entry. Had not the idea of "empire" been traveling westward for cemituries?20 Another explanation flavored with Darwinism was presented in the October 1900 Westminster Review, where the This view focuses on the differences passed down through socialization of an ethnic group or religion. In conclusion the key factors that led to U.S. imperialism was the desire for a new, profound military strength to compete and gain respect from other countries. What is the Austrian School of Economics. Yet some have used the theory to justify a particular view of human social, political, or economic conditions. Eugenics is the science of using artificial selection to improve genetic features of the population. Webng nhp bng facebook. It has become a major problem for the nation during the years. Historical Trips - Book your next historical adventure, 6 Secret Historic Gardens in the United Kingdom, Join Dan Snow for the Anniversary of the D-Day Landings, War of The Worlds: The Most Infamous Radio Broadcast in History, The King Revealed: 10 Fascinating Facts About Elvis Presley, 10 Facts About American Poet Robert Frost, As German forces were rampaging through Russia, Great Britain Declares War on Nazi Germany: Neville Chamberlains Broadcast 3 September 1939. The surviving white men expected to go back to their land after the war, and many finding that their land had been confiscated. It broadly meant evolving from the barbarian stage of society to the industrial stage. The product was Social Darwinism. There are a few appealing aspects to the act of eugenics. J. Kevles, a historian of science and society, is A society based on contract, therefore, gives the utmost room and chance for individual development, and for all the self-reliance and dignity of a free man. In the history of earlier centuries these duties, gentlemen, have often been misunderstood, and certainly when the Spanish soldiers and explorers introduced slavery into Central America, they did not fulfill their duty as men of a higher race. Copy. After the Munich Putsch in 1923 and his subsequent brief imprisonment, in Mein Kampf, Adolf Hitler wrote: Whoever would live, let him fight, and he who does not want to do battle in this world of eternal struggle, does not deserve life. Preaching ideas such as the struggle for life, natural selection, the survival of the fittest, superior, and inferior races, it justified all that cruelty and bloodshed that the Europeans brought to the countries they aimed to civilize. 2022 AP World History: Modern Sample Student Responses and Scoring Commentary Inside: Document-Based Question R Scoring Guidelines R Student Samples R Scoring Commentary 2022 College Board College Board, Advanced Placement, AP, AP Central, and the acorn logo are registered trademarks of College Board Visit College Board on the web: collegeboard.org AP Central is the official online home for the AP Program: apcentral.collegeboard.org AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Question 1: Document-Based Question, Imperialism and Asian and African economies points General Scoring Notes Except where otherwise noted, each point of these rubrics is earned independently; for example, a student could earn a point for evidence without earning a point for thesis/claim Accuracy: The components of these rubrics require that students demonstrate historically defensible content knowledge Given the timed nature of the exam, essays may contain errors that not detract from their overall quality, as long as the historical content used to advance the argument is accurate Clarity: Exam essays should be considered first drafts and thus may contain grammatical errors Those errors will not be counted against a student unless they obscure the successful demonstration of the content knowledge, skills, and practices described below Evaluate the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row A Thesis/Claim Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point (0-1 points) point Responds to the prompt with a historically defensible thesis/claim that establishes a line of reasoning Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Are not historically defensible Only restate or rephrase the prompt Do not respond to the prompt Do not establish a line of reasoning Are overgeneralized Responses that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible thesis or claim that establishes a position on the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries The thesis or claim must either provide some indication of the reason for making that claim OR establish categories of the argument Examples that not earn this point: Examples that earn this point: Provide a historically defensible claim, but not establish a line of reasoning Europeans imported raw materials from Asia and Africa. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt States in Africa and Asia often saw their global trade heavily disrupted by European imperialism. Asian states often tried to prevent European imperialism from disrupting their economies but failed in doing so. Establish a line of reasoning, but not provide a historically defensible claim European imperialism did not greatly alter the traditional trading practices of African kingdoms and states. Do not focus on the topic of the prompt The First and Second World War strongly influenced anti-colonial efforts in Africa and Asia. Establish a line of reasoning that evaluates the topic of the prompt with analytic categories While European Imperialism certainly forced African and Asian economies to change, these changes often benefited local elites and Europeans. Establish a line of reasoning European Imperialism often negatively affected African economies. (Minimally acceptable thesis/claim) Additional Notes: The thesis or claim must consist of one or more sentences located in one place, either in the introduction or the conclusion (which may not be limited to the first or last paragraphs) The thesis or claim must identify a relevant development(s) in the period, although it is not required to encompass the entire period 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row B Contextualization (0-1 points) Scoring Criteria points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Describes a broader historical context relevant to the prompt Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn this point: Provide an overgeneralized statement about the time period referenced in the prompt Provide context that is not relevant to the prompt Provide a passing phrase or reference Responses that earn this point: Accurately describe a context relevant to the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Examples that not earn this point: Do not provide context relevant to the topic of the prompt: States during the First World War produced propaganda to convince soldiers to fight. Examples of relevant context that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: European extraction economies, such as mining operations in Africa, developed European nations competed with one another for influence and territory in Africa and Asia Anti-imperialist movements were often strongly influenced by nationalism, such as in Thailand European nations often completed infrastructure projects in imperialized regions, such as the British building railroads in India The use of fossil fuels contributed to high demand for energy sources New imperialist, ideas such as the civilizing mission and Social Darwinism in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, led European nations to take more direct control over states in Africa and Asia Provide a passing phrase or reference European Imperialism often perpetuated racial prejudice. Examples of acceptable contextualization: European nations in the late nineteenth century divided up Africa between them during the Berlin Conference. Additional Notes: The response must relate the topic of the prompt to broader historical events, developments, or processes that occur before, during, or continue after the time frame of the question To earn this point, the context provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row C Evidence 0-3 points Scoring Criteria Evidence from the Documents points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses the content of at least three documents to address the topic of the prompt points Supports an argument in response to the prompt using at least six documents Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that not earn points: Use evidence from less than three of the documents Misinterpret the content of the document Quote, without an accompanying description, of the content of the documents Address documents collectively rather than considering separately the content of each document Responses that earn point: Accurately describerather than simply quotethe content from at least three of the documents to address the topic of European imperialism and/or economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Responses that earn points: Support an argument in response to the prompt by accurately using the content of at least six documents Examples of describing the content of a document: Examples of supporting an argument using the content of a document: (Document 5): The account by the Congolese refugee shows how the Belgian colonizers harsh demands for rubber production led to starvation and violence among the native population The account shows the extent of economic disruption brought to African society by imperialism. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the great extent to which European imperialism disrupted or even destroyed some African economies) (Document 6): Ndansi Kumalos account shows the devastation of traditional African economies by imperialism, by relating how the Ndebele were forced into wage work for the White settlers in mines and farms, where they were subjected to high taxes. (Connects the content of the document to an argument about the extent to which imperialism transformed and disrupted traditional African economic activities) Describe evidence from the documents relevant to the topic but not use that evidence to support an argument (Document 2) The graph shows that there was a big reversal in the trade between 1810 and 1830, with India exporting less cloth to Britain and importing much more cloth from Britain. Additional Notes: To earn points, the response does not have to use the six documents in support of a single argument-they can be used across sub-arguments or to address counterarguments 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row C (continued) Evidence Beyond the Documents: points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Uses at least one additional piece of the specific historical evidence (beyond that found in the documents) relevant to an argument about the prompt Responses that not earn this point: Provide evidence that is not relevant to an argument about the prompt Provide evidence that is outside the time period or region specified in the prompt Repeat information that is specified in the prompt or in any of the documents Provide a passing phase or reference Responses that earn this point: Must use at least one specific piece of historical evidence relevant to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected economies in Africa and/or Asia in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Examples of specific and relevant evidence beyond the documents that earn this point include the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: British investment projects, such as the building of railroads in India and Africa Large-scale European-driven infrastructure projects, such as the building of the Suez Canal Economic modernization initiatives taken by Asian and African states, such as the Meiji Restoration in Japan The forced expulsion of ethnic groups from traditional land, such as during the Herero genocide or the displacement of Arab and Berber populations in French Algeria The use of military force to require Asian and African states to alter their trading patterns, such as during the Opium Wars Examples of evidence beyond the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt: The British opium trade in China eventually led to the Opium wars, during which Britain used its military to force China to agree to unequal trade agreements. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Local elites often cooperated with European forces for their own benefit, even though those agreements did not necessarily benefit their subjects For instance, Egypt cooperated with France and Britain to build the Suez Canal, but many Egyptian workers suffered and died during the construction. (Provides a piece of evidence not in the documents relevant to an argument about the prompt) Additional Notes: Typically, statements credited as evidence will be more specific than statements credited as contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be different from the evidence used to earn the point for contextualization To earn this point, the evidence provided must be more than a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Reporting Category Row D Analysis and Reasoning Scoring Criteria Sourcing points Does not meet the criteria for one point point For at least three documents, explains how or why the documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience is relevant to an argument Responses that not earn this point: Explain sourcing for less than three of the documents Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience but fail to explain how or why it is relevant to an argument Summarize the content or argument of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience Examples that not earn this point: Responses that earn this point: Must explain how or whyrather than simply identifyingthe documents point of view, purpose, historical situation, or audience is relevant to an argument that addresses the prompt for each of the three documents sourced 0-2 points Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Identify the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience, but not explain how or why it is relevant to an argument The author of Document was a victim of the violence in the Belgian Congo. Summarize the content of the document without explaining the relevance of this to the point of view, purpose, historical situation, and/or audience In Document 2, the graphs show that Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising. Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors point of view: (Document 1): The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System has inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory. (Connects the point of view of the author to an argument about the negative influence of Dutch imperial policies on the economy of Java) Example of acceptable explanation of the significance of the authors purpose: (Document 7): The purpose of the account is to document the cruelty of the Germans and the economic hardships placed on Africans working on the cotton plantations Because the account was given to African historians after Tanzania became independent, they would likely have wanted to emphasize the negative aspects of European imperialism. (Connects a plausible speculation regarding the purpose of the source to an argument about the extent to which European imperialism affected African economies) Example of acceptable explanation of the relevance of the historical situation of a source: (Document 4): The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself. (Connects the historical situation of the document to an argument about an economic change in Africa brought about by European imperialism) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Row D (continued) Complexity points Does not meet the criteria for one point point Demonstrates a complex understanding of the historical development that is the focus of the prompt, using evidence to corroborate, qualify, or modify an argument that addresses the question Decision Rules and Scoring Notes Responses that earn this point: May demonstrate a complex understanding in a variety of ways, such as: Explaining nuance of an issue by analyzing multiple variables Explaining both similarity and difference, or explaining both continuity and change, or explaining multiple causes, or explaining both causes and effects Explaining relevant and insightful connections within and across periods Confirming the validity of an argument by corroborating multiple perspectives across themes Qualifying or modifying an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence Demonstrating complex understanding might include any of the following if appropriate elaboration is provided: Analyzing multiple variables, such as considering diverse or alternate perspectives or evidence For example, a response may explore multiple economic impacts of European imperialism on native societies, including physical exploitation of native labor, collapse of traditional economic activity, restructuring and realignment of elites, changes to gender roles as a result of new economic demands, etc (Explains nuance) Explaining relevant and insightful connections across time and space For example, a response may compare the effects of European imperialism seen in Documents and with the effects of imperialism in other colonial settings where large numbers of White settlers encroached on the territories of native peoplessuch as in Australia or Algeria Or a response may compare the exploitation of native labor for the extraction of resources, as seen in Documents 1, 5, and 7, with the exploitation of native labor through indirect imperialism in Latin America through forced labor systems such as indenture and debt servitude (Explains relevant and insightful connections) Corroborating multiple perspectives, such as explaining how European imperialisms economic effects were complex and affected different segments of Asian and African societies in different ways For example, a response might argue that, in addition to its destructive or disruptive economic effects, European imperialism in some cases benefitted parts of native societies through increased trade (Document 3), limited economic modernization (Document 1), strengthening of native elites (Document 4) or economic recovery after the initial disruption (Document 6) (Corroborates, qualifies or modifies an argument by considering diverse or alternative views or evidence) Additional Notes: This demonstration of complex understanding must be part of the argument, not merely a phrase or reference 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines Document Summaries Document Summary of Content T.G Edwards, manager of a Dutch sugar factory in Java, letter to the Dutch colonial government on labor shortages, 1858 British East India Company, data reported to the British Parliament regarding the textile trade with India, 18101830 Bankim Chandra Chatterjee, The Cultivators of Bengal, article published in the Bengali press, 1872 Explains the relevance of point of view (POV), purpose, situation, and/or audience by elaborating on examples such as: Reports on the negative effects of the imposition of the Dutch Cultivation System on the availability of Javanese labor for the sugar factory Because of the demands of the Cultivation System, Javanese workers are subject to multiple labor demands, and the factory cannot get workers despite offering good wages The graphs show divergent trends for Indian textile exports to Britain and British textile exports to India: Indian exports to Britain are declining while British exports to India are rising The drop in Indian exports to Britain is particularly sharp for the calico and muslin cloth category, while the rise in British export to India is particularly great for the plain cotton cloth category States that the growing trade between India and Britain has led to an expansion of Indian agriculture, as India has become an exporter of agricultural commodities to Britain Acknowledges that the Indian cotton industry has collapsed because of cheap British cloth imports but suggests that the collapse can be managed by Indian weavers being more open to adopting other trades, such as cultivating rice The author of Document was a manager of a Dutch-government-owned sugar factory in Indonesia As a manager, it would have been his duty to report to his superiors about the damage that the Dutch Cultivation System had inflicted on the availability of Indonesian labor for his factory (POV, purpose) The Cultivation System was an attempt by the Dutch colonial authorities in the East Indies to force the native population to produce cash crops for the Dutch This reflected a general push to make colonies more profitable for Europe by extracting raw materials or commodities for export (situation) As Great Britain was becoming an increasingly industrialized country during this period, the purpose of the EIC providing this data to Parliament may have been in part to show that it was playing its part in providing markets for British industrial goods, the most important one of which was cotton textiles (purpose) Because of the system of Company Rule in India, the EIC, rather than the British government, had effective control of large parts of the Indian subcontinent That explains why it was the EICs responsibility to collect such trade information and report it to the British Parliament (situation) The publication of this perspective on the economic impact of Indias trade with Great Britain in an Indian (Bengali) newspaper was likely meant in part to challenge the Indian audiences notions of rigid caste distinctions By emphasizing that the reluctance to give up hereditary trades has become an economic liability, the author is urging Indians to loosen the rigid restrictions in their society in order to make India more adaptable to economic change (audience, purpose) The article suggests that Chatterjee shared the position of many educated Indian intellectuals at the time that India could benefit socially and economically from British rule He emphasizes the economic benefits of trade with Britain and the opportunities trade may bring for modernizing Indian society (POV, situation) 2022 College Board AP World History: Modern 2022 Scoring Guidelines King Lobengula Khumalo, Contract with an English company over mining rights in Ndebele territory, 1888 Moyo, Congolese refugee, testimony for a Belgian investigation into abuses related to rubber collection in the Congo, 1904 Ndansi Kumalo, account of living conditions of the Ndebele in the 1890s, given to a British anticolonial activist, published in 1936 The ruler of the Ndebele enters into a contract with three British business associates of Cecil Rhodes mining company, awarding them exclusive mining rights in his territories, in exchange for a monthly payment, English rifles, and a promise to deliver a steamboat with guns on the Zambezi River Describes the hardships on the native population produced by the Belgian authorities cruel system of extracting rubber by imposing rubber production quotas on Congolese villages The villagers found it harder and harder to meet the quota, needing to go further and further into the jungle to find rubber trees As more members of village society, including women, had to work to make the rubber quota, cultivation of food crops was abandoned, and starvation set in The authorities did not reduce the quota and only provided token payments for the rubber Outlines the shifts in Ndebele economic activities after the end of the unsuccessful Ndebele revolt in 1897; the Ndebele had lost their cattle (traditional source of wealth) during the revolt and were forced into paid work for the White settlers, in mines and in agriculture In addition to that, the Ndebele were subjected to heavy taxes by the British colonial government, including a rent tax for allegedly living on White settlers land The Ndebele ruler, whose territory was probably under a lot of pressure from White settlers as well as from neighboring African groups, likely thought that he had no choice but to trade away the right to mine raw materials in his country to the English in exchange for guns and a steamboat with which he could defend himself (POV, situation) By emphasizing that various [other] persons and companies have sought the rights to mine in his territories, King Lobengula may have wanted to convey to Cecil Rhodes company that his company must abide by its obligations under the contract (purpose, audience) The Belgian authorities system of rubber extraction from the Congo reflects both the prevalent racial views in late-nineteenth-century Europe that saw Africans as racially inferior, and thus they were subjected to inhumane working conditions Europeans also recognized the economic importance of strategic natural resources such as rubber to Europes industrializing economies (situation) As an eyewitness account of a refugee from the atrocities it describes, Moyos account is likely credible in its description of the devastating economic and social toll of the Belgian rubber quota systems on Congolese villages (POV) As an oral history narrative recorded decades after the events it describes, Ndansi Kumalos account represents a long-term assessment of the social and economic effects of the Ndebele revolt on the Ndebele people As such it focuses on big changes, such as, the transition from subsistence cattle raising to wage work, especially in mining, and the transition to being integrated into the White-settler dominated economy of South Africa through the paying of taxes and using money (audience, POV) The context of the economic and social changes described in the document is the growing rate of White settlement in interior parts of southern Africa during the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, encroaching on the lands of native peoples such as the Ndebele The discovery of gold, diamonds, and other resources in various parts of the region exacerbated this process (situation) 2022 College Board DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1A Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of DBQ Q1 Sample 1B Page of .. .AP?